How to format your references using the Carbohydrate Polymers citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Carbohydrate Polymers. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yoho, R. (2015). How science fairs shaped my career. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6255), 1578.

A journal article with 2 authors

Johansson, M. E. V., & Hansson, G. C. (2011). Microbiology. Keeping bacteria at a distance. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6053), 182–183.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ezawa, M., Tanaka, Y., & Nagaosa, N. (2013). Topological phase transition without gap closing. Scientific Reports, 3, 2790.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Ebralidze, A., Wang, Y., Petkova, V., Ebralidse, K., & Junghans, R. P. (2004). RNA leaching of transcription factors disrupts transcription in myotonic dystrophy. Science (New York, N.Y.), 303(5656), 383–387.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Burrows, G. E., & Tyrl, R. J. (2012). Toxic Plants of North America. Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Gottlieb, J., & Raidl, G. R. (Eds.). (2006). Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial Optimization: 6th European Conference, EvoCOP 2006, Budapest, Hungary, April 10-12, 2006. Proceedings (Vol. 3906). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Łodygowski, T. (2009). Selected Constitutive Relations in Practical Computations. In J. R. Klepaczko & T. Łodygowski (Eds.), Advances in Constitutive Relations Applied in Computer Codes (pp. 261–314). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Carbohydrate Polymers.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, November 6). World’s First Solar Cycle Path Installed In Amsterdam. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/worlds-first-solar-cycle-path-installed-amsterdam/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1980). NASA Performance Awards (B-196181). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schaeffler, K. P. (2015). From Flag Officer to Corporate Leader: A Phenomenological Study of the Influence of Career Transition on Executive Leadership and Professional Identity [Doctoral dissertation]. George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. (2017, September 18). Country Breakthrough On the Billboard Chart. New York Times, C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Yoho, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Johansson & Hansson, 2011; Yoho, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Johansson & Hansson, 2011)
Three authors: (Ezawa et al., 2013)
6 or more authors: (Ebralidze et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Carbohydrate Polymers
Abbreviation	Carbohydr. Polym.
ISSN (print)	0144-8617
Scope	Organic Chemistry Materials Chemistry Polymers and Plastics

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