How to format your references using the Cancers citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancers. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rokas, A. Genetics. My Oldest Sister Is a Sea Walnut? Science 2013, 342, 1327–1329.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pasare, C.; Medzhitov, R. Control of B-Cell Responses by Toll-like Receptors. Nature 2005, 438, 364–368.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lebrun, E.G.; Jones, N.T.; Gilbert, L.E. Chemical Warfare among Invaders: A Detoxification Interaction Facilitates an Ant Invasion. Science 2014, 343, 1014–1017.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bleszynski-Jayich, A.C.; Shanks, W.E.; Peaudecerf, B.; Ginossar, E.; von Oppen, F.; Glazman, L.; Harris, J.G.E. Persistent Currents in Normal Metal Rings. Science 2009, 326, 272–275.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rainey, L.D. Confucius & Confucianism; Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford, UK, 2010; ISBN 9781444323597.

An edited book

Information Sciences and Systems 2015: 30th International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences (ISCIS 2015); Abdelrahman, O.H., Gelenbe, E., Gorbil, G., Lent, R., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering; 1st ed. 2016.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; Vol. 363; ISBN 9783319226347.

A chapter in an edited book

Kuźniak, E. The Ascorbate–Gluathione Cycle and Related Redox Signals in Plant–Pathogen Interactions. In Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway and Stress Tolerance in Plants; Anjum, N.A., Chan, M.-T., Umar, S., Eds.; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2010; pp. 115–136 ISBN 9789048194032.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancers.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Awesome Anti-Gravity Water Experiment Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/awesome-anti-gravity-water-experiment/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Examination of Selected Aspects of the Financial Management System of Goddard Space Flight Center; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1972;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rogers, S.L. Fear of Cancer and Theory of Planned Behavior as Predictors of Pap Screenings. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University: Scottsdale, AZ, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwirtz, M.; White, R. Tractor-Trailer Kills 8-Year-Old Boy Walking to School in Queens. New York Times 2013, A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancers
Abbreviation	Cancers (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2072-6694
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology