How to format your references using the Cancer Treatment Reviews citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer Treatment Reviews. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Butler D. The fertility riddle. Nature 2004;432:38–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Moyle LC, Nakazato T. Hybrid incompatibility “snowballs” between Solanum species. Science 2010;329:1521–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Hashiyama K, Hayashi Y, Kobayashi S. Drosophila Sex lethal gene initiates female development in germline progenitors. Science 2011;333:885–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Molofsky AV, Slutsky SG, Joseph NM, He S, Pardal R, Krishnamurthy J, et al. Increasing p16INK4a expression decreases forebrain progenitors and neurogenesis during ageing. Nature 2006;443:448–52.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Lalanne C. Fatigue Damage. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Joule JA, editor. Thiophenes. vol. 39. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Kung LY. The Umbrella Movement and Kairos: The Church’s Theological Encounter with a Political Movement. In: Tse JKH, Tan JY, editors. Theological Reflections on the Hong Kong Umbrella Movement, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016, p. 107–29.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer Treatment Reviews.

Blog post

[1]

Andrews R. This Strange Scientific Model Has A Worrying Prediction About 2020. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/strange-scientific-model-worrying-prediction-2020/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: INS Needs to Better Manage the Development of Its Enterprise Architecture. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Zou X. Magneto-optical properties of ferromagnetic nanostructures on modified nanosphere templates. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Brantley B. Revealing What You May Not Care to Tell. New York Times 2017:C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer Treatment Reviews
Abbreviation	Cancer Treat. Rev.
ISSN (print)	0305-7372
Scope	General Medicine Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging