How to format your references using the Cancer Translational Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer Translational Medicine (CTN). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eisenstein M. Medicine: Eyes on the target. Nature 2015;527 (7578):S110-2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Minetti AE, Ardigó LP. Halteres used in ancient Olympic long jump. Nature 2002;420 (6912):141-42.

A journal article with 3 authors

Palter JB, Lozier MS, Barber RT. The effect of advection on the nutrient reservoir in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Nature 2005;437 (7059):687-92.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Swathy JR, Sankar MU, Chaudhary A, Aigal S, Anshup, Pradeep T. Antimicrobial silver: an unprecedented anion effect. Sci Rep 2014;4:7161.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Liu S-C, Delbruck T, Indiveri G, Whatley A, Douglas R. Event-Based Neuromorphic Systems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Charbonneau P. Solar and Stellar Dynamos: Saas-Fee Advanced Course 39 Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy. Vol 39. (Steiner O, editor). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

McComas WF. Advance Organizers. In: McComas WF, editor. The Language of Science Education: An Expanded Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts in Science Teaching and Learning. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2014. p. 4-4.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer Translational Medicine.

Blog post

Hale T. “Smart Sex Toy” Company Accused Of Collecting Intimate Data. IFLScience September 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Comments on Deletion of FTS 2000 Provision from 1996 Appropriation Act. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ramakrishnan L. Multi-level adaptation for performability in dynamic web service workflows. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kinsley M. Paid Leave Counts as Progress. New York Times. May 27, 2017:SR3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer Translational Medicine
Abbreviation	Cancer Transl. Med.
ISSN (print)	2395-3977
ISSN (online)	2395-3012
Scope