How to format your references using the Cancer Prevention Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer Prevention Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Seeley TD. Obituary: martin lindauer (1918-2008). Nature. 2008;456:718.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lu Q, Lemke G. Homeostatic regulation of the immune system by receptor tyrosine kinases of the Tyro 3 family. Science. 2001;293:306–11.

A journal article with 3 authors

Monteggia LM, Malenka RC, Deisseroth K. Depression: the best way forward. Nature. 2014;515:200–1.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ventura M, Antonacci F, Cardone MF, Stanyon R, D’Addabbo P, Cellamare A, et al. Evolutionary formation of new centromeres in macaque. Science. 2007;316:243–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Deutsch R. Convergence. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Raz AE. Comparative Empirical Bioethics: Dilemmas of Genetic Testing and Euthanasia in Israel and Germany. Schicktanz S, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

P.-Vaisband I, Jakushokas R, Popovich M, Mezhiba AV, Köse S, Friedman EG. Scaling Trends of On-Chip Power Noise. In: Jakushokas R, Popovich M, Mezhiba AV, Köse S, Friedman EG, editors. On-Chip Power Delivery and Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. page 75–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer Prevention Research.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. How Earth’s Atmosphere Once Looked Like Saturn’s Moon Titan. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Spectrum Management: Incentives, Opportunities, and Testing Needed to Enhance Spectrum Sharing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012 Nov. Report No.: GAO-13-7.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reich JC. An iterative feature perturbation method for gene selection from microarray data [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Judge Rejects Overhaul of Illinois’s Beleaguered State Pension System. New York Times. 2014;A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer Prevention Research
Abbreviation	Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila.)
ISSN (print)	1940-6207
ISSN (online)	1940-6215
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology

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