How to format your references using the Cancer Prevention Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer Prevention Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buchanan M. The best is yet to come. Nature. 2007;447:39.

A journal article with 2 authors

Higgins SI, Scheiter S. Atmospheric CO2 forces abrupt vegetation shifts locally, but not globally. Nature. 2012;488:209–12.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hristov TS, Miller SD, Friehe CA. Dynamical coupling of wind and ocean waves through wave-induced air flow. Nature. 2003;422:55–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Taylor AF, Tinsley MR, Wang F, Huang Z, Showalter K. Dynamical quorum sensing and synchronization in large populations of chemical oscillators. Science. 2009;323:614–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hagen J. Chemiereaktoren. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2004.

An edited book

Berg B. Plant Litter: Decomposition, Humus Formation, Carbon Sequestration. 3rd ed. 2014. McClaugherty C, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Froeschlé C, Lega E. The fine structure of Hamiltonian systems revealed using the Fast Lyapunov Indicator. In: Steves BA, Maciejewski AJ, Hendry M, editors. Chaotic Worlds: From Order to Disorder in Gravitational N-Body Dynamical Systems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. page 131–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer Prevention Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Toddler Battles Xenomorphs in Amazing P5000 Powerloader Costume [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/toddler-battles-xenomorphs-amazing-p5000-powerloader-costume/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Survey of the Pricing of a NASA Contract with Eldec Corporation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977 May. Report No.: 089013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Newsom SM. Love and Creativity: A Shared Dynamic [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wasik JF. Choosing a Place to Settle Down in the Age of Fitbit. New York Times. 2016;B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer Prevention Research
Abbreviation	Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila.)
ISSN (print)	1940-6207
ISSN (online)	1940-6215
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology