How to format your references using the Cancer Prevention Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer Prevention Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Collinge J. Cell biology. The risk of prion zoonoses. Science. 2012;335:411–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Langer R, Tirrell DA. Designing materials for biology and medicine. Nature. 2004;428:487–92.

A journal article with 3 authors

Stott L, Timmermann A, Thunell R. Southern Hemisphere and deep-sea warming led deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise and tropical warming. Science. 2007;318:435–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Suzuki H, Thiele TR, Faumont S, Ezcurra M, Lockery SR, Schafer WR. Functional asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans taste neurons and its computational role in chemotaxis. Nature. 2008;454:114–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chandru V, Hooker J. Optimization Methods for Logical Inference. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1999.

An edited book

Bertino E. Security for Web Services and Service-Oriented Architectures. Martino L, Paci F, Squicciarini A, editors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Askenazy P, Forth J. Work Organisation and Human Resource Management: Does Context Matter? In: Amossé T, Bryson A, Forth J, Petit H, editors. Comparative Workplace Employment Relations: An Analysis of Practice in Britain and France. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. page 141–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer Prevention Research.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. The Europa Lander Isn’t Completely Dead Just Yet [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/the-europa-lander-isnt-completely-dead-just-yet/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Farmers Home Administration’s Computer-Based Unified Management Information System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980 Jul. Report No.: 112851.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chatterji S. A novel agent-based dynamic load balancing model for cloud networks [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C. Facebook Status? In Town and Wondering What to Do. New York Times. 2009;F5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer Prevention Research
Abbreviation	Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila.)
ISSN (print)	1940-6207
ISSN (online)	1940-6215
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology