How to format your references using the Cancer Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Y. Dzenis, Materials science. Structural nanocomposites, Science. 319 (2008) 419–420.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D. Tilman, M. Clark, Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health, Nature. 515 (2014) 518–522.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S.S. Magavi, B.R. Leavitt, J.D. Macklis, Induction of neurogenesis in the neocortex of adult mice, Nature. 405 (2000) 951–955.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

F. Esch, S. Fabris, L. Zhou, T. Montini, C. Africh, P. Fornasiero, G. Comelli, R. Rosei, Electron localization determines defect formation on ceria substrates, Science. 309 (2005) 752–755.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

P. Corsi, M. Dulieu, The Marketing of Technology Intensive Products and Services, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

P. Cavalieri, ed., Philosophy and the Politics of Animal Liberation, Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

P. Vestergaard, Natural Plant Diversity Development on a Man-Made Dune System, in: M.L. Martínez, J.B. Gallego-Fernández, P.A. Hesp (Eds.), Restoration of Coastal Dunes, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013: pp. 49–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer Epidemiology.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Meet The World’s Largest Living Organism, IFLScience. (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/meet-worlds-largest-living-organism/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Automatic Data Processing: A Career Challenge, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1984.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

B. Alla, Wellbore Stability Analysis of Sanish Field using 3-D Finite Element Model: Bakken Case Study, Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Williams, In Her Shoes, New York Times. (2016) BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Cancer Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	1877-7821
Scope	Cancer Research Epidemiology Oncology