How to format your references using the Cancer and Metastasis Reviews citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer and Metastasis Reviews. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hagmann, M. (2000). PUBLIC HEALTH: Deaths Among Heroin Users Present a Puzzle. Science (New York, N.Y.), 288(5473), 1941a.

A journal article with 2 authors

de Vernal, A., & Hillaire-Marcel, C. (2008). Natural variability of Greenland climate, vegetation, and ice volume during the past million years. Science (New York, N.Y.), 320(5883), 1622–1625.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xu, X., Zhou, Z., & Wang, X. (2000). The smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur. Nature, 408(6813), 705–708.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wang, X., Xiang, Q., Liu, B., Wang, L., Luo, T., Chen, D., & Shen, G. (2013). TiO2 modified FeS nanostructures with enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries. Scientific reports, 3, 2007.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Leuf, B. (2006). The Semantic Web. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Vasishth, S. (2011). The Foundations of Statistics: A Simulation-based Approach. (M. Broe, Ed.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Schorr, S., Stephan, C., & Kaufmann, C. A. (2015). Chalcopyrite Thin-Film Solar-Cell Devices. In G. J. Kearley & V. K. Peterson (Eds.), Neutron Applications in Materials for Energy (pp. 83–107). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer and Metastasis Reviews.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016, June 23). Dramatic Attempt To Rescue Two Sick Workers From South Pole Succeeds. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/environment/dramatic-attempt-to-rescue-two-sick-workers-from-south-pole-succeeds/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1986). Deaf Education: Costs and Student Characteristics at Federally Assisted Schools (No. HRD-86-64BR). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bleicher, J. (2008). Scenario methods as a means for enhancing organizational learning: A Delphi study (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Landler, M., & Harris, G. (2017, August 31). In Retaliation, U.S. Tells Russia to Shut Consulate And 2 Diplomatic Offices. New York Times, p. A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer and Metastasis Reviews
Abbreviation	Cancer Metastasis Rev.
ISSN (print)	0167-7659
ISSN (online)	1573-7233
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology