How to format your references using the Cancer and Metastasis Reviews citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer and Metastasis Reviews. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Javanainen, J. (2005). Physics. Bose-Einstein condensates interfere and survive. Science (New York, N.Y.), 307(5717), 1883–1885.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ma, J., & Karaman, I. (2010). Materials science. Expanding the repertoire of shape memory alloys. Science (New York, N.Y.), 327(5972), 1468–1469.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ooi, T. L., Wu, B., & He, Z. J. (2001). Distance determined by the angular declination below the horizon. Nature, 414(6860), 197–200.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Baldwin, S. L., Monteleone, B. D., Webb, L. E., Fitzgerald, P. G., Grove, M., & Hill, E. J. (2004). Pliocene eclogite exhumation at plate tectonic rates in eastern Papua New Guinea. Nature, 431(7006), 263–267.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cooney, K. A., Chappell, J. R., Callan, R. J., & Connally, B. A. (2012). Veterinary Euthanasia Techniques. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,.

An edited book

Pasterkamp, R. J. (Ed.). (2007). Semaphorins: Receptor and Intracellular Signaling Mechanisms (Vol. 600). New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Augot, D., Betti, E., & Orsini, E. (2009). An Introduction to Linear and Cyclic Codes. In M. Sala, S. Sakata, T. Mora, C. Traverso, & L. Perret (Eds.), Gröbner Bases, Coding, and Cryptography (pp. 47–68). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer and Metastasis Reviews.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, September 3). These Jellies Glide Through The Water By Coordinating Their Jets. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/these-jellies-glide-through-water-coordinating-their-jets/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). Supercomputers (No. NSIAD-97-54R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shellhouse, K. (2017). The Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary Deposit in LaSalle Parish, Louisiana (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wasik, J. F. (2016, November 23). Mold-Busting Financial Start-Ups Led by Industry Veterans. New York Times, p. B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer and Metastasis Reviews
Abbreviation	Cancer Metastasis Rev.
ISSN (print)	0167-7659
ISSN (online)	1573-7233
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology