How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Zoology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Zoology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Johnson, E. 2002. Phase of matter. The elusive liquid-solid interface. Science 296(5567): 477–478.

A journal article with 2 authors

Armbrust, E.V., and Palumbi, S.R. 2015. Marine biology. Uncovering hidden worlds of ocean biodiversity. Science 348(6237): 865–867.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sarbu, T., Styranec, T., and Beckman, E.J. 2000. Non-fluorous polymers with very high solubility in supercritical CO2 down to low pressures. Nature 405(6783): 165–168.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kapteyn, H., Cohen, O., Christov, I., and Murnane, M. 2007. Harnessing attosecond science in the quest for coherent X-rays. Science 317(5839): 775–778.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Richards, A., and Dafydd, H. 2014. Key Notes on Plastic Surgery. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Tajalli, A. 2010. Extreme Low-Power Mixed Signal IC Design: Subthreshold Source-Coupled Circuits. Edited ByY. Leblebici. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Roper, S.D. 2014. TRPs in Taste and Chemesthesis. In Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Cation Channels: Volume II. Edited by B. Nilius and V. Flockerzi. Springer International Publishing, Cham. pp. 827–871.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Zoology.

Blog post

Luntz, S. 2014, February 25. New Species Of Marsupial Has Sex Until It Dies. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-species-marsupial-has-sex-until-it-dies/ [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2011. Public Transportation: Requirements for Smaller Capital Projects Generally Seen as Less Burdensome. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cortez, A. 2017. Life Is A Highway: Finding Your Way and Finding the Words. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sanger, D.E., Mazzetti, M., and Hubbard, B. 2016, September 19. Errant Strike Impairs Effort to Calm Syria. New York Times: A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Johnson 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Johnson 2002; Armbrust and Palumbi 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Armbrust and Palumbi 2015)
Three or more authors: (Kapteyn et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Zoology
Abbreviation	Can. J. Zool.
ISSN (print)	0008-4301
ISSN (online)	1480-3283
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics