How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Zoology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Zoology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Koentges, G. 2010. Journal club. A genomic systems biologist muses on how shared DNA mistakes reveal shared cellular ancestry. Nature 467(7313): 255.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nishioka, K., and Reinberg, D. 2001. Transcription. Switching partners in a regulatory tango. Science 294(5551): 2497–2498.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shatzkes, K., Teferedegne, B., and Murata, H. 2014. A simple, inexpensive method for preparing cell lysates suitable for downstream reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Sci. Rep. 4: 4659.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hetzinger, S., Halfar, J., Zack, T., Mecking, J.V., Kunz, B.E., Jacob, D.E., and Adey, W.H. 2013. Coralline algal barium as indicator for 20th century northwestern North Atlantic surface ocean freshwater variability. Sci. Rep. 3: 1761.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Liu, S.-C., Delbruck, T., Indiveri, G., Whatley, A., and Douglas, R. 2015. Event-Based Neuromorphic Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Welfens, P.J.J., Knipping, F., Chirathivat, S., and Ryan, C. (Editors). 2006. Integration in Asia and Europe: Historical Dynamics, Political Issues, and Economic Perspectives. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Van Breussegem, T., and Steyaert, M. 2013. Control of Fully Integrated Capacitive Converters. In CMOS Integrated Capacitive DC-DC Converters. Edited by M. Steyaert. Springer, New York, NY. pp. 111–139.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Zoology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2014, September 12. Ozone Layer Showing Signs Of Recovery. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/environment/ozone-layer-showing-signs-recovery/ [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1989. Tank Recovery Vehicle: Status of Program Acquisition and Full-Scale Engineering Development. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nikolova, S. 2010. Health insurance transitions of SCHIP-eligible children in response to higher public premiums. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rice, S.E. 2017, June 2. To Be Great, America Must Be Good. New York Times: A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Koentges 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Nishioka and Reinberg 2001; Koentges 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nishioka and Reinberg 2001)
Three or more authors: (Hetzinger et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Zoology
Abbreviation	Can. J. Zool.
ISSN (print)	0008-4301
ISSN (online)	1480-3283
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics