How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Zoology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Zoology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Osborne, J. 2010. Arguing to learn in science: the role of collaborative, critical discourse. Science 328(5977): 463–466.

A journal article with 2 authors

Walker, M.J., and Beatson, S.A. 2012. Epidemiology. Outsmarting outbreaks. Science 338(6111): 1161–1162.

A journal article with 3 authors

Llopart, A., Elwyn, S., and Coyne, J.A. 2002. Pigmentation and mate choice in Drosophila. Nature 419(6905): 360; discussion 360.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kim, K., Lerou, P., Yabuuchi, A., Lengerke, C., Ng, K., West, J., Kirby, A., Daly, M.J., and Daley, G.Q. 2007. Histocompatible embryonic stem cells by parthenogenesis. Science 315(5811): 482–486.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Massotte, P., and Corsi, P. 2017. Smart Decisions in Complex Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Verlinsky, Y. 2005. Practical Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis. Edited ByA. Kuliev. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Hall, W.J. 2013. Analysis of Sequential Clinical Trials. In Modern Clinical Trial Analysis. Edited by W. Tang and X. Tu. Springer, New York, NY. pp. 81–125.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Zoology.

Blog post

Andrews, R. 2016, July 18. The US Army Is Developing “Dragon Silk” Body Armor Using Genetically Engineered Silkworms. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/technology/the-us-army-is-developing-dragon-silk-body-armor-using-genetically-engineered-silkworms/ [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1983. Review of Contract Award for Management of National Center for Research in Vocational Education. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garraway, O.L. 2008. A study of the relationship between corporate leaders’ beliefs and the firm’s strategic decisions. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. 2016, December 14. Bob Krasnow, 82, Executive Who Revived Elektra Records. New York Times: A30.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Osborne 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Osborne 2010; Walker and Beatson 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Walker and Beatson 2012)
Three or more authors: (Kim et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Zoology
Abbreviation	Can. J. Zool.
ISSN (print)	0008-4301
ISSN (online)	1480-3283
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics