How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Westerterp, K.R. 2001. Pattern and intensity of physical activity. Nature, 410: 539.

A journal article with 2 authors

Laver, G., and Garman, E. 2001. Virology. The origin and control of pandemic influenza. Science (New York, N.Y.), 293: 1776–1777.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gilestro, G.F., Tononi, G., and Cirelli, C. 2009. Widespread changes in synaptic markers as a function of sleep and wakefulness in Drosophila. Science (New York, N.Y.), 324: 109–112.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Coen, A., Cincotta, R.P., Bloom, D., and Canning, D. 2000. Family planning programs and national prosperity. Science (New York, N.Y.), 288: 1747d–8d.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vignes, A. 2013. Extractive Metallurgy 1. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Dodge, R.C., and Futcher, L. (Editors). 2013. Information Assurance and Security Education and Training: 8th IFIP WG 11.8 World Conference on Information Security Education, WISE 8, Auckland, New Zealand, July 8-10, 2013, Proceedings, WISE 7, Lucerne Switzerland, June 9-10, 2011, and WISE 6, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil, July 27-31, 2009, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Lee, R.W.J., Schewitz, L.P., Raveney, B.J.E., and Dick, A.D. 2009. Steroid Sensitivity in Uveitis. In Uveitis and Immunological Disorders. Edited by J.V. Forrester. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 45–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2014, June 23. Measles Outbreak Traced Back To A Single Unvaccinated Child. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/measles-outbreak-traced-back-single-unvaccinated-child/ [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1996. Intellectual Property: Enhancements Needed in Computing and Reporting Patent Examination Statistics. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Naqvi, S.Z. 2017. Around the world in 15 bites: Applied perspectives on learning about food. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. 2006, November 4. Supreme Court to Revisit Federal Sentencing Issues. New York Times,: A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Westerterp 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Westerterp 2001, Laver and Garman 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Laver and Garman 2001)
Three or more authors: (Coen et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Abbreviation	Can. J. Earth Sci.
ISSN (print)	0008-4077
ISSN (online)	1480-3313
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences