How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dunn, B. 2012. Cancer: Solving an age-old problem. Nature, 483(7387): S2-6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Buffett, B.A., and Wenk, H.R. 2001. Texturing of the Earth’s inner core by Maxwell stresses. Nature, 413(6851): 60–63.

A journal article with 3 authors

Labrosse, S., Hernlund, J.W., and Coltice, N. 2007. A crystallizing dense magma ocean at the base of the Earth’s mantle. Nature, 450(7171): 866–869.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bech, M., Tapfer, A., Velroyen, A., Yaroshenko, A., Pauwels, B., Hostens, J., Bruyndonckx, P., Sasov, A., and Pfeiffer, F. 2013. In-vivo dark-field and phase-contrast x-ray imaging. Scientific reports, 3: 3209.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anderson, S.K., and Handelsman, M.M. 2009. Ethics for Psychotherapists and Counselors. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Avner, E., Harmon, W., Niaudet, P., and Yoshikawa, N. (Editors). 2009. Pediatric Nephrology: Sixth Completely Revised, Updated and Enlarged Edition. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Demazeux, S. 2015. The Function Debate and the Concept of Mental Disorder. In Classification, Disease and Evidence: New Essays in the Philosophy of Medicine. Edited by P. Huneman, G. Lambert, and M. Silberstein. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht. pp. 63–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering.

Blog post

Luntz, S. 2015. Even Buying Online, Choices Can Embarrass Us. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/brain/even-buying-online-choices-can-embarrass-us/. [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1995. Army Aviation Requirements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lastica, J.R. 2012. Why Do They Stay? A Phenomenological Study of Secondary Science Teacher Experiences. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. 2002. It’s Still Audrey’s College, Even If Her Name Is Gone. New York Times,: 146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dunn 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Buffett and Wenk 2001, Dunn 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Buffett and Wenk 2001)
Three or more authors: (Bech et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering
Abbreviation	Can. J. Civ. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0315-1468
ISSN (online)	1208-6029
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering General Environmental Science