How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rubin, A.E. 2012. Planetary science. Fragments of the lunar cataclysm. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6087): 1390–1391.

A journal article with 2 authors

McGhee, K., and Phillips, N. 2015. Nature Index 2015 China. Nature, 528(7582): S165.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bix, M., Kim, S., and Rao, A. 2005. Immunology. Opposites attract in differentiating T cells. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5728): 1563–1565.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Strecker, K.E., Partridge, G.B., Truscott, A.G., and Hulet, R.G. 2002. Formation and propagation of matter-wave soliton trains. Nature, 417(6885): 150–153.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zadora, G., Martyna, A., Ramos, D., and Aitken, C. 2013. Statistical Analysis in Forensic Science. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Aziz-Alaoui, M.A., and Bertelle, C. (Editors). 2009. From System Complexity to Emergent Properties. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Barkmann, J., Hillmann, B.M., and Marggraf, R. 2013. The Research Unit RU 816: Overall Approach in the Light of the Ecosystem Services Concept. In Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Environmental Change in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of South Ecuador. Edited by J. Bendix, E. Beck, A. Bräuning, F. Makeschin, R. Mosandl, S. Scheu, and W. Wilcke. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 41–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015. Paralysed Patient Makes Natural Movements Using Robotics And The Power Of Thought. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/technology/paralysed-patient-makes-natural-movements-using-robotics-and-power-thought/. [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2009. Telecommunications: Current Broadband Measures Have Limitations and New Measures Are Promising but Need Improvement. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yoon, Y. 2010. Nano-tribology of discrete track recording media. Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. 2007. Justices Consider a Loss in a 401(k) Plan. New York Times,: C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rubin 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Rubin 2012, McGhee and Phillips 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (McGhee and Phillips 2015)
Three or more authors: (Strecker et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering
Abbreviation	Can. J. Civ. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0315-1468
ISSN (online)	1208-6029
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering General Environmental Science