How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Berg, J.M. 2012. Science policy: Well-funded investigators should receive extra scrutiny. Nature, 489(7415): 203.

A journal article with 2 authors

van Der Merwe, P.A., and Davis, S.J. 2002. Immunology. The immunological synapse--a multitasking system. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5559): 1479–1480.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chave, J., Alonso, D., and Etienne, R.S. 2006. Theoretical biology: comparing models of species abundance. Nature, 441(7089): E1; discussion E1-2.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hayashi, Y., Lo, N., Miyata, H., and Kitade, O. 2007. Sex-linked genetic influence on caste determination in a termite. Science (New York, N.Y.), 318(5852): 985–987.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Svrcek, W.Y., Mahoney, D.P., and Young, B.R. 2007. A Real-Time Approach to Process Control. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Gülpınar, N., Harrison, P., and Rüstem, B. (Editors). 2011. Performance Models and Risk Management in Communications Systems. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Garibo-Peyró, A.-P. 2012. Somalia: From the Errors of Colonialism to the Horrors of War. In Globalization and Human Rights: Challenges and Answers from a European Perspective. Edited by J. Ballesteros, E. Fernández Ruiz-Gálvez, and P. Talavera. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht. pp. 113–140.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering.

Blog post

Luntz, S. 2015. Iceland On The Rise As Glaciers Vanish. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/environment/iceland-rise-glaciers-vanish/. [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1978. Reuse of Municipal Wastewater and Development of New Technology: Emphasis and Direction Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Waidelich, L.A. 2012. Identifying Leadership Potential: The Process of Principals within a Charter School Network. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M. 2016. The View From the Back Row. New York Times,: D7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Berg 2012).
This sentence cites two references (van Der Merwe and Davis 2002, Berg 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (van Der Merwe and Davis 2002)
Three or more authors: (Hayashi et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering
Abbreviation	Can. J. Civ. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0315-1468
ISSN (online)	1208-6029
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering General Environmental Science