How to format your references using the Canadian Geotechnical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Geotechnical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mokyr, J. 2015. ECONOMICS. Intellectuals and the rise of the modern economy. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6244): 141–142.

A journal article with 2 authors

Marteau, T.M., and Mantzari, E. 2015. Public health: The case for pay to quit. Nature, 523(7558): 40–41.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaiser, U., Schwarz, A., and Wiesendanger, R. 2007. Magnetic exchange force microscopy with atomic resolution. Nature, 446(7135): 522–525.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bertaux, J.-L., Leblanc, F., Witasse, O., Quemerais, E., Lilensten, J., Stern, S.A., Sandel, B., and Korablev, O. 2005. Discovery of an aurora on Mars. Nature, 435(7043): 790–794.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Simko, S.P. 2012. Strategic Fixed Income Investing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Griffiths, N., and Chao, K.-M. (Editors). 2010. Agent-Based Service-Oriented Computing. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

De Cecco, C.N., and Rengo, M. 2014. E. In MDCT and MRI of the Heart. Edited by M. Rengo. Springer, Milano. pp. 47–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Geotechnical Journal.

Blog post

Davis, J. 2017. Vaccine Breakthrough Of 1962 Has Saved 10 Million Lives Globally. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/vaccine-breakthrough-of-1962-has-saved-10-million-lives-globally/. [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2012. Airport and Airway Trust Fund: Factors Affecting Revenue Forecast Accuracy and Realizing Future FAA Expenditures. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lange, A.W. 2006. Calcineurin/NFATc1/DSCR1 Pathway Function in Cardiac Valvuloseptal Development and Down Syndrome-Related Phenotypes. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M. 2013. Brooklyn Is Roasting by an Open Fire. New York Times,: E11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mokyr 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Marteau and Mantzari 2015, Mokyr 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Marteau and Mantzari 2015)
Three or more authors: (Bertaux et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Geotechnical Journal
Abbreviation	Can. Geotech. J.
ISSN (print)	0008-3674
ISSN (online)	1208-6010
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology