How to format your references using the Canadian Geotechnical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Geotechnical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kappeler, P.M. 2013. Evolution. Why male mammals are monogamous. Science (New York, N.Y.), 341(6145): 469–470.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brei, B., and Fish, D. 2003. Comment on “Parasites as a viability cost of sexual selection in natural populations of mammals.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5616): 55; author reply 55.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shinde, D.B., Majumder, M., and Pillai, V.K. 2014. Counter-ion dependent, longitudinal unzipping of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to highly conductive and transparent graphene nanoribbons. Scientific reports, 4: 4363.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Margot, J.L., Peale, S.J., Jurgens, R.F., Slade, M.A., and Holin, I.V. 2007. Large longitude libration of Mercury reveals a molten core. Science (New York, N.Y.), 316(5825): 710–714.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lau, V.K.N., and Ricky Kwok, Y.-K. 2006. Channel-Adaptive Technologies and Cross-Layer Designs for Wireless Systems with Multiple Antennas. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Boulic, R., Chrysanthou, Y., and Komura, T. (Editors). 2010. Motion in Games: Third International Conference, MIG 2010, Utrecht, The Netherlands, November 14-16, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Diochot, S., and Lazdunski, M. 2009. Sea Anemone Toxins Affecting Potassium Channels. In Marine Toxins as Research Tools. Edited by N. Fusetani and W. Kem. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 99–122.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Geotechnical Journal.

Blog post

Andrews, R. 2017. A Long-Lost Dark Age Kingdom Has Been Rediscovered In Scotland. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/environment/longlost-dark-age-kingdom-rediscovered-scotland/. [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1988. Hazardous Waste: Problems and Cleanup Efforts at an FAA Facility in Oklahoma City. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kelleher, A. 2017. Gendered Intent to Turnover Resulting from Workplace Bullying in Nursing and Medical Fields. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S.K. 2001. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Hoisting The Sub, Slowly. New York Times,: A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kappeler 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Brei and Fish 2003, Kappeler 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Brei and Fish 2003)
Three or more authors: (Margot et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Geotechnical Journal
Abbreviation	Can. Geotech. J.
ISSN (print)	0008-3674
ISSN (online)	1208-6010
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology