How to format your references using the Canadian Biosystems Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Biosystems Engineering (CBE). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kavanaugh, M.P. 2004. Accessing a transporter structure. Nature 431(7010): 752–753.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bernstein, A. and J. Rossant. 2013. Anthony James Pawson (1952-2013). Nature 501(7466): 168.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gorzelak, P., E. Głuchowski and M.A. Salamon. 2014. Reassessing the improbability of a muscular crinoid stem. Scientific Reports 4: 6049.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Altschuler, S.J., S.B. Angenent, Y. Wang and L.F. Wu. 2008. On the spontaneous emergence of cell polarity. Nature 454(7206): 886–889.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kaul, S., F. Ali, S. Janakiram and B. Wattenström. 2008. Business Models for Sustainable Telecoms Growth in Developing Economies. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Elhanany, I. and M. Hamdi (Eds). 2007. High-Performance Packet Switching Architectures. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Evgen’ev, M.B., D.G. Garbuz and O.G. Zatsepina. 2014. Different Trends in the Evolution of Heat Shock Genes System. In Heat Shock Proteins and Whole Body Adaptation to Extreme Environments, eds. D.G. Garbuz and O.G. Zatsepina, 117–134. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Biosystems Engineering.

Blog post

Andrews, R. 2011. Submerged Greek “Lost City” Was Actually Sculpted By Microbial Life. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/submerged-greek-lost-city-sculpted-microbial-life/ (2018 /10/30)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1997. [Comments on Amtrak Labor Protection Issues]. B-277814. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Encarnacion, M. 2014. Does the use of clickers while incorporating small groups discussion increase student learning in the chemistry classroom. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. 2010. Ryan Tries to Flatten A Persistent Opponent. New York Times. 16 March 2010.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kavanaugh 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Bernstein and Rossant 2013; Kavanaugh 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bernstein and Rossant 2013)
Three or more authors: (Altschuler et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Biosystems Engineering
ISSN (print)	1492-9058
ISSN (online)	1492-9066
Scope