How to format your references using the Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Boyd R. Evolution. The puzzle of human sociality. Science 2006;314:1555–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Elmquist JK, Flier JS. Neuroscience. The fat-brain axis enters a new dimension. Science 2004;304:63–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Uz BM, Yoder JA, Osychny V. Pumping of nutrients to ocean surface waters by the action of propagating planetary waves. Nature 2001;409:597–600.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Neff JC, Townsend AR, Gleixner G, Lehman SJ, Turnbull J, Bowman WD. Variable effects of nitrogen additions on the stability and turnover of soil carbon. Nature 2002;419:915–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Duchon C, Hale R. Time Series Analysis in Meteorology and Climatology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Sharp DN, editor. Justice and Economic Violence in Transition. vol. 5. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Dušek J, Jindra T. Measuring Biomechanics of the Vision Process, Sensory Fusion and Image Observation Features. In: Natal Jorge RM, Tavares JMRS, Pinotti Barbosa M, Slade AP, editors. Technologies for Medical Sciences, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012, p. 87–112.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos Goes Full Bond-Villain In Super-Sized Mechanical Robot. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-goes-full-bondvillain-in-supersized-mechanical-robot/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Automatic Data Processing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1967.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Kafi W. The effects of patient demographic variables on cesarean section-related surgical site infection rates. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Ryan Tries to Flatten A Persistent Opponent. New York Times 2010:B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal
Abbreviation	Can. Assoc. Radiol. J.
ISSN (print)	0846-5371
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging