How to format your references using the Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Wright A. Art: Imagine space. Nature 2002;419:446.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Smaglik P, Frantz S. The biotechnology sector’s craving for commercial expertise is fuelling a cultural exchange with drug industry. Nature 2003;422:542–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Preis T, Moat HS, Stanley HE. Quantifying trading behavior in financial markets using Google Trends. Sci Rep 2013;3:1684.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Hofmann DC, Roberts S, Otis R, Kolodziejska J, Dillon RP, Suh J-O, et al. Developing gradient metal alloys through radial deposition additive manufacturing. Sci Rep 2014;4:5357.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Evans AJ. Markets for Managers. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Saha PK, Maulik U, Basu S, editors. Advanced Computational Approaches to Biomedical Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Deakin M, Campbell F, Reid A, Orsinger J. Buildings. In: Campbell F, Reid A, Orsinger J, editors. The Mass Retrofitting of an Energy Efficient—Low Carbon Zone, London: Springer; 2014, p. 39–71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Are Just Like Office Workers, Study Finds. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Aviation: Legacy Airlines Must Further Reduce Costs to Restore Profitability. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Jenkins MM. Clinical decision-making and pediatric bipolar disorder. Doctoral dissertation. University of North Carolina, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Space Tourist Is Rejected. New York Times 2001:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal
Abbreviation	Can. Assoc. Radiol. J.
ISSN (print)	0846-5371
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging