How to format your references using the Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Heckman JJ. Skill formation and the economics of investing in disadvantaged children. Science 2006;312:1900–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Zahn LM, Travis J. Cancer genomics. A medical renaissance? Introduction. Science 2013;339:1539.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Smallman HS, MacLeod DI, Doyle P. Vision. Realignment of cones after cataract removal. Nature 2001;412:604–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Zhang Y, Sun C-M, Hu X-Q, Zhao Y. Relationship between melatonin receptor 1B and insulin receptor substrate 1 polymorphisms with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2014;4:6113.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Koperski J. The Physics of Theism. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Meghvansi MK, Varma A, editors. Organic Amendments and Soil Suppressiveness in Plant Disease Management. vol. 46. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Neumayer M, Zangl H, Watzenig D, Fuchs A. Current Reconstruction Algorithms in Electrical Capacitance Tomography. In: Mukhopadhyay SC, Lay-Ekuakille A, Fuchs A, editors. New Developments and Applications in Sensing Technology, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011, p. 65–106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. The Cosmic Crime-Scene Hunt For Clues On How Galaxies Are Formed. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/the-cosmic-crimescene-hunt-for-clues-on-how-galaxies-are-formed/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. School Improvement Grants: Education Should Take Additional Steps to Enhance Accountability for Schools and Contractors. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Litt D. Social networking sites and adolescent alcohol use: The role of social images, social norms, and social comparison. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Johnson G. Scientists Ponder Contagious Cancer. New York Times 2016:D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal
Abbreviation	Can. Assoc. Radiol. J.
ISSN (print)	0846-5371
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging