How to format your references using the Diagnostic Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diagnostic Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Noble D. Modeling the heart--from genes to cells to the whole organ. Science. 2002;295:1678–82.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Fulton JE, Delany ME. Genetics. Poultry genetic resources--operation rescue needed. Science. 2003;300:1667–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Knigge C, Leigh N, Sills A. A binary origin for “blue stragglers” in globular clusters. Nature. 2009;457:288–90.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Veaute X, Jeusset J, Soustelle C, Kowalczykowski SC, Le Cam E, Fabre F. The Srs2 helicase prevents recombination by disrupting Rad51 nucleoprotein filaments. Nature. 2003;423:309–12.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. McCurley L. Professional Rope Access. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.

An edited book

1. Zhang L, Lu B-L, Kwok J, editors. Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2010: 7th International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2010, Shanghai, China, June 6-9, 2010, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Yoo K-H, Gretzel U, Zanker M. Receiver and Context Factors. In: Gretzel U, Zanker M, editors. Persuasive Recommender Systems: Conceptual Background and Implications. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 27–33.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diagnostic Pathology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Killing Whales For Science: Japan Is Sent Back To The Drawing Board [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/killing-whales-science-japan-sent-back-drawing-board/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Aviation Administration: Challenges Facing the Agency in Fiscal Year 2009 and Beyond. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008 Feb. Report No.: GAO-08-460T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Spotts SL. A Comparative Analysis of Missouri Elementary School Arts Curriculums [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Billard M. Both Sides of the Border. New York Times. 2010 Jul 29;E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diagnostic Pathology
Abbreviation	Diagn. Pathol.
ISSN (online)	1746-1596
Scope	General Medicine Histology Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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