How to format your references using the Canada Journal of Public Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canada Journal of Public Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Redressing the balance. Nature. 2003 Jul 31;424(6948):593.

A journal article with 2 authors

Marusyk A, Polyak K. Cancer. Cancer cell phenotypes, in fifty shades of grey. Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):528–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yoshida MA, Yura K, Ogura A. Cephalopod eye evolution was modulated by the acquisition of Pax-6 splicing variants. Sci Rep. 2014 Mar 5;4:4256.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Liu D, Lei W, Qin S, Chen Y. Template-free synthesis of functional 3D BN architecture for removal of dyes from water. Sci Rep. 2014 Mar 25;4:4453.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hoffmann K. System Integration. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Gentleman R, Carey VJ, Huber W, Irizarry RA, Dudoit S, editors. Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Solutions Using R and Bioconductor. New York, NY: Springer; 2005. XX, 474 p. 128 illus. in color. (Statistics for Biology and Health).

A chapter in an edited book

Tomar V, Qu T, Dubey DK, Verma D, Zhang Y. Multiscaling for Molecular Models to Predict Lab Scale Sample Properties: A Review of Phenomenological Models. In: Qu T, Dubey DK, Verma D, Zhang Y, editors. Multiscale Characterization of Biological Systems: Spectroscopy and Modeling. New York, NY: Springer; 2015. p. 61–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canada Journal of Public Health.

Blog post

Hale T. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Images Appear To Show Broken Heroin Needles Stuck In Patient’s Neck. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/images-appear-to-show-broken-heroin-needles-stuck-in-patients-neck/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Goals 2000: Flexible Funding Supports State and Local Education Reform. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Nov. Report No.: HEHS-99-10.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dean DO. A discrete-time multiple event process survival mixture (MEPSUM) model for investigating the order and timing of multiple non-repeatable events [Doctoral dissertation]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: University of North Carolina; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Spencer H, Sisario B. $3 Million Award in Rolling Stone Case. New York Times. 2016 Nov 8;B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Canada Journal of Public Health
Abbreviation	Can. J. Public Health
ISSN (print)	0008-4263
Scope	General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health