How to format your references using the Canada Journal of Public Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canada Journal of Public Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chipman A. Contest puts brakes on carbon capture. Nature. 2007 Jun 28;447(7148):1044–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kress TL, Guthrie C. Molecular biology. Accurate RNA siting and splicing gets help from a DEK-hand. Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1886–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gergely G, Bekkering H, Király I. Rational imitation in preverbal infants. Nature. 2002 Feb 14;415(6873):755.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mann NH, Cook A, Millard A, Bailey S, Clokie M. Marine ecosystems: bacterial photosynthesis genes in a virus. Nature. 2003 Aug 14;424(6950):741.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Böhmer E. Dentistry in Rabbits and Rodents. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Steyn-Ross DA, Steyn-Ross M, editors. Modeling Phase Transitions in the Brain. New York, NY: Springer; 2010. XXX, 306 p. 103 illus., 24 illus. in color. (Springer Series in Computational Neuroscience; vol. 4).

A chapter in an edited book

Osakada F, Takahashi M. Stem Cells in the Developing and Adult Nervous System. In: Steinhoff G, editor. Regenerative Medicine: From Protocol to Patient. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. p. 129–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canada Journal of Public Health.

Blog post

Hale T. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Here’s What Ursula Would Look Like If She Had Evolved In Different Ocean Environments. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/buzzfeed-re-imagine-ursula-little-mermaid-if-she-evolved-different-environments/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. ADP Budget: Potential Reductions to Army Automation Initiatives. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989 Nov. Report No.: IMTEC-90-3.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Warren JS. Trust in immediate supervisor, trust in top management, organizational trust precursors: Predictors of organizational effectiveness [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. A Ratings Milestone For ‘Game of Thrones.’ New York Times. 2017 Aug 28;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Canada Journal of Public Health
Abbreviation	Can. J. Public Health
ISSN (print)	0008-4263
Scope	General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health