How to format your references using the Brain Stimulation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Brain Stimulation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Harvey CF. Groundwater flow in the Ganges Delta. Science 2002;296:1563.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Vinnakota RK, Genov DA. Terahertz optoelectronics with surface plasmon polariton diode. Sci Rep 2014;4:4899.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Barnham KW, Nelson J, Stevens RA. Did civil reactors supply plutonium for weapons? Nature 2000;407:833–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Wittkopp PJ, Stewart EE, Arnold LL, Neidert AH, Haerum BK, Thompson EM, et al. Intraspecific polymorphism to interspecific divergence: genetics of pigmentation in Drosophila. Science 2009;326:540–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Moore RG, Garland A. Cognitive Therapy for Chronic and Persistent Depression. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

[1]

Núñez M, Nguyen NT, Camacho D, Trawiński B, editors. Computational Collective Intelligence: 7th International Conference, ICCCI 2015, Madrid, Spain, September 21-23, 2015, Proceedings, Part II. vol. 9330. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Mashiko H, Bell MJ, Beck AR, Neumark DM, Leone SR. Frequency Tunable Attosecond Apparatus. In: Yamanouchi K, Paulus GG, Mathur D, editors. Progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science: Volume X, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 49–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Brain Stimulation.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Why Predicting A Flu Outbreak Is Like Betting On Football Or Flipping A Coin. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Electronic Disability Claims Processing: Social Security Administration’s Accelerated Strategy Faces Significant Risks. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Lowry LA. Creative Aging in Senior Centers: A Grounded Theory Study. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. Justices Take Case on Navy Use of Sonar. New York Times 2008:A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Brain Stimulation
Abbreviation	Brain Stimul.
ISSN (print)	1935-861X
Scope	Biophysics Clinical Neurology General Neuroscience