How to format your references using the Brain Stimulation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Brain Stimulation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gammon K. Orthopaedics: Joint effort. Nature 2014;515:S170-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

von Messling V, Cattaneo R. Virology. A henipavirus vaccine in sight. Science 2012;337:651–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kaminski J, Call J, Fischer J. Word learning in a domestic dog: evidence for “fast mapping.” Science 2004;304:1682–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Planz O, Seiler P, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM. Specific cytotoxic T cells eliminate cells producing neutralizing antibodies. Nature 2003;426:474.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Szylar C. Risk Management under UCITS III/IV. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Larheim TA. Maxillofacial Imaging. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Winzer T, Malić E, Knorr A. Graphene Bloch Equations. In: Egger R, Matrasulov D, Rakhimov K, editors. Low-Dimensional Functional Materials, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013, p. 35–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Brain Stimulation.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. Norway May Sell Only Electric Cars By 2025. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/norway-may-sell-only-electric-cars-by-2025/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Media Contracts: Activities and Financial Obligations for Seven Federal Departments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Blair GT. The effects of a league guided sportsmanship program on the behaviors of youth sports athletes. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Billard M. Check In /Check Out; MIAMI BEACH, FLA.: Soho Beach House. New York Times 2010:TR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Brain Stimulation
Abbreviation	Brain Stimul.
ISSN (print)	1935-861X
Scope	Biophysics Clinical Neurology General Neuroscience