How to format your references using the BMC Pharmacology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Pharmacology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Hamann T. Chemistry. Perovskites take lead in solar hydrogen race. Science. 2014;345:1566–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Roth A, Diederichs S. Molecular biology: Rap and chirp about X inactivation. Nature. 2015;521:170–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Beskow LM, Dame L, Costello EJ. Research ethics. Certificates of confidentiality and compelled disclosure of data. Science. 2008;322:1054–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Mastrogiovanni DDT, Mayer J, Wan AS, Vishnyakov A, Neimark AV, Podzorov V, et al. Oxygen incorporation in rubrene single crystals. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4753.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Borchard-Tuch C, Groß M. Was Biotronik alles kann. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

1. Lerma EV, Batuman V, editors. Diabetes and Kidney Disease. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Almalfouh SM, Stüber GL. Interference Aware Subcarrier and Power Allocation in OFDMA-Based Cognitive Radio Networks. In: Plass S, Dammann A, Kaiser S, Fazel K, editors. Multi-Carrier Systems & Solutions 2009. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009. p. 35–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Pharmacology.

Blog post

1. Taub B. Long Term Cocaine And Crystal Meth Use May Hinder Moral Judgement. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/long-term-cocaine-and-crystal-meth-use-may-hinder-moral-judgement/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Earth Observing System: Concentration on Near-Term EOSDIS Development May Jeopardize Long-Term Success. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Ouyang A. Embryonic Stem Cell Culture in Fibrous Bed Bioreactor. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. George T. Thumbelina’s Secret Architect. New York Times. 2016;:A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Pharmacology
ISSN (print)	1471-2210
Scope