How to format your references using the BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Nisbet E. Earth monitoring: Cinderella science. Nature. 2007;450:789–90.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Junge W, Müller DJ. Biochemistry. Seeing a molecular motor at work. Science. 2011;333:704–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Salter MG, Franklin KA, Whitelam GC. Gating of the rapid shade-avoidance response by the circadian clock in plants. Nature. 2003;426:680–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Taylor SM, Antonia AL, Parobek CM, Juliano JJ, Janko M, Emch M, et al. Plasmodium falciparum sulfadoxine resistance is geographically and genetically clustered within the DR Congo. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1165.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Minns P, Elliott I. FSM-Based Digital Design Using Verilog HDL. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

1. Pankratius V, Philippsen M, editors. Multicore Software Engineering, Performance, and Tools: International Conference, MSEPT 2012, Prague, Czech Republic, May 31 - June 1, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kombrink S, Hannemann M, Burget L. Out-of-Vocabulary Word Detection and Beyond. In: Weinshall D, Anemüller J, Gool L van, editors. Detection and Identification of Rare Audiovisual Cues. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 57–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Iron Additive Turns Bacteria Into Electricity Producers. IFLScience. 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/iron-additive-turns-bacteria-into-electricity-producers/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. FCC: Unlicensed NII Devices in the 5 GHz Frequency Range. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Negussie H. Integration of indigenous knowledge and cultural practices in early childhood care and education programs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An exploratory case study. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Shpigel B. Mountain Time For the Texans. New York Times. 2017;:D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Abbreviation	BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol.
ISSN (online)	2050-6511
Scope