How to format your references using the BMC Medical Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Medical Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Guan J-L. Cell biology. Integrins, rafts, Rac, and Rho. Science. 2004;303:773–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Wang H-Y, Zhang Y-Q. Processing and characterisation of a novel electropolymerized silk fibroin hydrogel membrane. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6182.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Wake H, Lee PR, Fields RD. Control of local protein synthesis and initial events in myelination by action potentials. Science. 2011;333:1647–51.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Mecklenbräuker I, Saijo K, Zheng N-Y, Leitges M, Tarakhovsky A. Protein kinase Cdelta controls self-antigen-induced B-cell tolerance. Nature. 2002;416:860–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Scheller-Sheridan C. Basic Guide to Dental Instruments. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Madarász L, Živčák J, editors. Aspects of Computational Intelligence: Theory and Applications: Revised and Selected Papers of the 15th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems 2011, INES 2011. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Fezza F, De Simone C, Amadio D, Maccarrone M. Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase: A Gate-Keeper of the Endocannabinoid System. In: Quinn PJ, Wang X, editors. Lipids in Health and Disease. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008. p. 101–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Medical Physics.

Blog post

1. Taub B. Chimps Feel Decidedly “Meh’ Towards Others. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/chimps-feel-decidedly-meh-towards-others/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Intellectual Property: Agencies Progress in Implementing Recent Legislation, but Enhancements Could Improve Future Plans. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Liang Y. Studies of E. coli YidC and Other Factors for Membrane Protein Insertion. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2005.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. A Devil in the Details, But Not the Constitution. New York Times. 2007;:A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Medical Physics
ISSN (print)	1756-6649
Scope