How to format your references using the BMC Medical Genomics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Medical Genomics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Hoogland JL. Prairie dogs disperse when all close kin have disappeared. Science. 2013;339:1205–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Soshnikova N, Duboule D. Epigenetic temporal control of mouse Hox genes in vivo. Science. 2009;324:1320–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Hastings MG, Jarvis JC, Steig EJ. Anthropogenic impacts on nitrogen isotopes of ice-core nitrate. Science. 2009;324:1288.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Johnson MW, Amin MHS, Gildert S, Lanting T, Hamze F, Dickson N, et al. Quantum annealing with manufactured spins. Nature. 2011;473:194–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Paolella MS. Fundamental Probability. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

1. Bigerna S. The Sustainability of Renewable Energy in Europe. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Moorman AV, Harrison CJ. Cytogenetics. In: Advani AS, Lazarus HM, editors. Adult Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: Biology and Treatment. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2011. p. 61–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Medical Genomics.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. The Enigmatic “Wheel of Giants” Monument As Old As Stonehenge. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/enigmatic-wheel-giants-monument-old-stonehenge/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. National Survey of Cable Television Rates and Services. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Witvorapong N. The Dynamics of Living Arrangements Among the Elderly. Doctoral dissertation. University of North Carolina; 2011.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. By Honoring Their Past, the Giants Were Duly Rewarded. New York Times. 2010;:B15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Medical Genomics
Abbreviation	BMC Med. Genomics
ISSN (online)	1755-8794
Scope	Genetics Genetics(clinical)