How to format your references using the BMC International Health and Human Rights citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC International Health and Human Rights. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Haag A. Climate of opportunity. Nature. 2007;448:618–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Lee RC, Ambros V. An extensive class of small RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science. 2001;294:862–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Naylor RL, Williams SL, Strong DR. Ecology. Aquaculture--a gateway for exotic species. Science. 2001;294:1655–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ramadan K, Bruderer R, Spiga FM, Popp O, Baur T, Gotta M, et al. Cdc48/p97 promotes reformation of the nucleus by extracting the kinase Aurora B from chromatin. Nature. 2007;450:1258–62.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bain BJ, Wild BJ, Stephens AD, Phelan LA. Variant Haemoglobins. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

1. Pickard JD, Akalan N, Benes V, Rocco CD, Dolenc VV, Antunes JL, et al., editors. Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery. Vienna: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Rudenstine S, Galea S. Vulnerabilities and Capacities: Venezuela Floods and Mudslides – December 14–16, 1999. In: Galea S, editor. The Causes and Behavioral Consequences of Disasters: Models informed by the global experience 1950-2005. New York, NY: Springer; 2012. p. 29–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC International Health and Human Rights.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Global Carbon Emissions Plateaued In 2015, According To BP. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/global-carbon-emissions-plateaued-in-2015-according-to-bp/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Aging Federal Laboratories Need Repairs and Upgrades. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Barajas D. The marginalization of Zitkala-Ša and Wendy Rose. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hodara S. A Show Meant to Provoke Double Takes. New York Times. 2015;:WE8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC International Health and Human Rights
Abbreviation	BMC Int. Health Hum. Rights
ISSN (online)	1472-698X
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health