How to format your references using the BMC Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Immunology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Behrensmeyer AK. Atmosphere. Climate change and human evolution. Science. 2006;311:476–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Diao A, Lowe M. Cell biology. The Golgi goes fission. Science. 2004;305:48–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Jordan SP, Lee KSM, Preskill J. Quantum algorithms for quantum field theories. Science. 2012;336:1130–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Nagalakshmi U, Wang Z, Waern K, Shou C, Raha D, Gerstein M, et al. The transcriptional landscape of the yeast genome defined by RNA sequencing. Science. 2008;320:1344–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Godwin W. International Construction Contracts. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

1. Frappier M, Glässer U, Khurshid S, Laleau R, Reeves S, editors. Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B and Z: Second International Conference, ABZ 2010, Orford, QC, Canada, February 22-25, 2010. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Knoth S. The Art of Evaluating Monitoring Schemes — How to Measure the Performance of Control Charts? In: Lenz H-J, Wilrich P-T, editors. Frontiers in Statistical Quality Control 8. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD; 2006. p. 74–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Immunology.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. Neon Spotted In The Moon’s Atmosphere For The First Time Ever. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/neon-spotted-moons-atmosphere-first-time/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety and Security: Challenges to Implementing the Recommendations of the White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Moreau EL. Sailing on a Sea of Hope: Exploring the Impact of Federal Consolidation on Individual Identification and Organizational Identity. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Pilon M. Armstrong Finds a Mixed Reception in Triathlon. New York Times. 2012;:B14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Immunology
Abbreviation	BMC Immunol.
ISSN (online)	1471-2172
Scope	Immunology