How to format your references using the BMC Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Immunology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Vaupel JW. Biodemography of human ageing. Nature. 2010;464:536–42.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Victor DG, Leape JP. Global climate agreement: After the talks. Nature. 2015;527:439–41.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Xing M, Li X, Zhang J. Synergistic effect on the visible light activity of Ti3+ doped TiO2 nanorods/boron doped graphene composite. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5493.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Eckardt LH, Naumann K, Pankau WM, Rein M, Schweitzer M, Windhab N, et al. DNA nanotechnology: Chemical copying of connectivity. Nature. 2002;420:286.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Hanzo L, Keller T. OFDM and MC-CDMA. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

1. Palsberg J, Su Z, editors. Static Analysis: 16th International Symposium, SAS 2009, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 9-11, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Chattopadhyay S, Mitra M, Sengupta S. Transients. In: Mitra M, Sengupta S, editors. Electric Power Quality. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011. p. 35–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Immunology.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. An End To Sleepless Nights? New Hope For Families Raising Children With ADHD. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/an-end-to-sleepless-nights-new-hope-for-families-raising-children-with-adhd/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Space Transportation: Status of the X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hutson MD. Three Essays on Macroeconomic Forecasting. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Sisario B. Prince Estate in Deal With Universal. New York Times. 2017;:C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Immunology
Abbreviation	BMC Immunol.
ISSN (online)	1471-2172
Scope	Immunology