How to format your references using the BMC Health Services Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Health Services Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Platt FM. Sphingolipid lysosomal storage disorders. Nature. 2014;510:68–75.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Hyman AA, Simons K. Cell biology. Beyond oil and water--phase transitions in cells. Science. 2012;337:1047–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Ruby JG, Jan CH, Bartel DP. Intronic microRNA precursors that bypass Drosha processing. Nature. 2007;448:83–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Tsaousis AD, Kunji ERS, Goldberg AV, Lucocq JM, Hirt RP, Embley TM. A novel route for ATP acquisition by the remnant mitochondria of Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Nature. 2008;453:553–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ryan TP. Statistical Methods for Quality Improvement: Ryan/Quality Improvement 3E. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Tixeuil S, Herman T, editors. Self-Stabilizing Systems: 7th International Symposium, SSS 2005, Barcelona, Spain, October 26-27, 2005. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Hamadicharef B. International Collaborations in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Research. In: Gong Z, Luo X, Chen J, Lei J, Wang FL, editors. Web Information Systems and Mining: International Conference, WISM 2011, Taiyuan, China, September 24-25, 2011, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 35–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Health Services Research.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. We’re About To See Jupiter’s Poles In Detail For The First Time Ever. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/were-about-to-see-jupiters-poles-in-detail-for-the-first-time-ever/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Higher Education: Challenges in Attracting International Students to the United States and Implications for Global Competitiveness. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Bradnan DM. Cherelle Wilt in Theobroma cacao. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. Setting a New Standard for a Long-Beleaguered Franchise. New York Times. 2010;:D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Health Services Research
Abbreviation	BMC Health Serv. Res.
ISSN (online)	1472-6963
Scope	Health Policy

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