How to format your references using the BMC Clinical Pharmacology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Clinical Pharmacology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Brock SL. Materials science. Filling a void. Science. 2007;317:460–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Wang LV, Hu S. Photoacoustic tomography: in vivo imaging from organelles to organs. Science. 2012;335:1458–62.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Peters SE, Kelly DC, Fraass AJ. Oceanographic controls on the diversity and extinction of planktonic foraminifera. Nature. 2013;493:398–401.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Jang M, Czoschke NM, Lee S, Kamens RM. Heterogeneous atmospheric aerosol production by acid-catalyzed particle-phase reactions. Science. 2002;298:814–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Black R. Pragmatic Software Testing. Indianapolis, Indiana: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Bacao F, Santos MY, Painho M, editors. AGILE 2015: Geographic Information Science as an Enabler of Smarter Cities and Communities. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Haddad MR, Baazaoui H, Aufaure MA, Claramunt C, Lechevallier Y, Ghezala HB. Towards an Integration of Space and Accessibility in Web Personalization. In: Carswell JD, Fotheringham AS, McArdle G, editors. Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems: 9th International Symposium, W2GIS 2009, Maynooth, Ireland, December 7-8, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 39–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Clinical Pharmacology.

Blog post

1. Hale T. A Dodo Skeleton Is Going Up For Sale For The First Time In 100 Years. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/a-dodo-skeleton-is-going-up-for-sale-for-the-first-time-in-100-years/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Drug Abuse Control Program Activities in the Philippines. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Kovacev RJ. Encouraging employee entrepreneurial spirit: A phenomenological case study of a large technology enterprise. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Joy S. Time to Take the Leap. New York Times. 2013;:E11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Clinical Pharmacology
ISSN (print)	1472-6904
Scope