How to format your references using the Blood Purification citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Blood Purification. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jewkes R. HIV/AIDS. Gender inequities must be addressed in HIV prevention. Science. 2010 Jul;329(5988):145–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gutnisky DA, Dragoi V. Adaptive coding of visual information in neural populations. Nature. 2008 Mar;452(7184):220–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shah AK, Mullainathan S, Shafir E. Some consequences of having too little. Science. 2012 Nov;338(6107):682–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Rambukkana A, Zanazzi G, Tapinos N, Salzer JL. Contact-dependent demyelination by Mycobacterium leprae in the absence of immune cells. Science. 2002 May;296(5569):927–31.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Larsen E, Aarts RM. Audio Bandwidth Extension. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Lee R, editor. Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing 2012. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Lakshmikantham V, Leela S, Martynyuk AA. Stability In The Models of Real World Phenomena. In: Leela S, Martynyuk AA, editors. Stability Analysis of Nonlinear Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015; pp 253–309.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Blood Purification.

Blog post

Andrews R. Is It A Bad Idea To Give Your Cats Brain Freeze? [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Jul [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/is-it-a-bad-idea-to-give-your-cats-brain-freeze/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. TVA’s Computer Needs Are Valid and ADP Management Is Improving. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hsu Y-T. Input and Uptake in High School EFL Students’ Multiple-Draft Writing Process: A Case Study of a Taiwanese High School EFL Classroom. 2017

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Oestreich JR. For the Record, a Conductor Talks With an Author. New York Times. 2016 Nov;C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Blood Purification
Abbreviation	Blood Purif.
ISSN (print)	0253-5068
ISSN (online)	1421-9735
Scope	General Medicine Hematology Nephrology