How to format your references using the Biosurface and Biotribology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biosurface and Biotribology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

A.A. Agrawal, Phenotypic plasticity in the interactions and evolution of species, Science 294 (2001) 321–326.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

G. Chiosis, I.G. Boneca, Selective cleavage of D-Ala-D-Lac by small molecules: re-sensitizing resistant bacteria to vancomycin, Science 293 (2001) 1484–1487.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

N. Ringstad, N. Abe, H.R. Horvitz, Ligand-gated chloride channels are receptors for biogenic amines in C. elegans, Science 325 (2009) 96–100.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

C.-T. Chao, S.-Y. Lee, W.-S. Yang, C.-J. Yen, C.-K. Chiang, J.-W. Huang, K.-Y. Hung, Serum vitamin D levels are positively associated with varicella zoster immunity in chronic dialysis patients, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 7371.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R.G. Kunz, Environmental Calculations, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2009.

An edited book

[1]

J. Sambells, A. Gustafson, eds., AdvancED DOM Scripting: Dynamic Web Design Techniques, Apress, Berkeley, CA, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

N. Mellal, R. Dapoigny, P. Barlatier, L. Foulloy, Modeling and Multi-agent Specification of IF-Based Distributed Goal Ontologies, in: M. Ali, R. Dapoigny (Eds.), Advances in Applied Artificial Intelligence: 19th International Conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, IEA/AIE 2006, Annecy, France, June 27-30, 2006. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006: pp. 14–23.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biosurface and Biotribology.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, First Close-Up Photograph Of Pluto’s Surface Released, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/space/first-photograph-plutos-surface-released/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Review of the Emergency School Assistance Program Community Grants Awarded to the Nashville Urban League by the Office of Education, HEW, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J. Bradford, Commutative endomorphism rings of simple abelian varieties over finite fields, Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Barron, Flash Photography Allowed (When It’s Your Tour Guide), New York Times (2017) A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biosurface and Biotribology
Abbreviation	Biosurf. Biotribol.
ISSN (print)	2405-4518
Scope