How to format your references using the Biophysical Economics and Resource Quality citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biophysical Economics and Resource Quality. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ni X (2015) China’s research & development spend. Nature 520:S8-9

A journal article with 2 authors

Wu X, Ruvkun G (2010) Cancer. Germ cell genes and cancer. Science 330:1761–1762

A journal article with 3 authors

Gómez-Llobregat J, Buceta J, Reigada R (2013) Interplay of cytoskeletal activity and lipid phase stability in dynamic protein recruitment and clustering. Sci Rep 3:2608

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Blancou P, Vartanian JP, Christopherson C, et al (2001) Polio vaccine samples not linked to AIDS. Nature 410:1045–1046

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mason RP (2013) Trace Metals in Aquatic Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Wijesundara MBJ (2011) Silicon Carbide Microsystems for Harsh Environments. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Borkar T, Mohseni H, Hwang J, et al (2016) Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) / Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP)-Nickel Nanocomposites: Structure Property Analysis. In: Sano T, Srivatsan TS (eds) Advanced Composites for Aerospace, Marine, and Land Applications II. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 53–79

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biophysical Economics and Resource Quality.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Researchers Find A Way To Make Jet Fuel Components From Fungus. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/fungus-makes-components-jet-fuel/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) FCC: Service and Auction Rules for the 38.6-40.0 GHz Frequency Band. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Norman CL (2015) Perceptions of non-traditional programs within Missouri school districts. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2016) Awaiting Execution, a Prophet Holds Forth. New York Times C5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ni 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Wu and Ruvkun 2010; Ni 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wu and Ruvkun 2010)
Three or more authors: (Blancou et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biophysical Economics and Resource Quality
Abbreviation	Biophys. Econ. Resour. Qual.
ISSN (print)	2366-0112
ISSN (online)	2366-0120
Scope