How to format your references using the Biomarker Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomarker Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Sharma P. Physics. How to create a spin current. Science. 2005;307:531–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Brown LS, Lankford WF. Sustainability: Clean cooking empowers women. Nature. 2015;521:284–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Roy K, Bandyopadhyay S, Atulasimha J. Binary switching in a “symmetric” potential landscape. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3038.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Dai ZG, Wang XY, Wu XF, Zhang B. X-ray flares from postmerger millisecond pulsars. Science. 2006;311:1127–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Riches J. Galatians Through the Centuries. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

1. Darie C. Beginning ASP.NET 2.0 E-Commerce in C# 2005: From Novice to Professional. Watson K, editor. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Wang XC, Zhang C, Ma X, Luo L. A Real Case of Water Reuse Through a Water Cycle. In: Zhang C, Ma X, Luo L, editors. Water Cycle Management: A New Paradigm of Wastewater Reuse and Safety Control. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015. p. 75–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomarker Research.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Scientists Discover Effective Strategy To Switch Off Autoimmunity [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-discover-effective-strategy-switch-autoimmunity/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Improving Federal Performance in the Information Age Issue Area Plan: Fiscal Years 1996-98. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 Jun. Report No.: IAP-96-8.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hsu Y-C. A cultural psychosocial model for depression in elder care institutions: The roles of Socially Supportive Activity and self-transcendence [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Phillips-Sandy M. Autocorrect and the Tao of Texting. New York Times. 2016 Feb 6;A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomarker Research
Abbreviation	Biomark. Res.
ISSN (online)	2050-7771
Scope