How to format your references using the Biomarker Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomarker Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Chambers J. Planetary science: A chronometer for Earth’s age. Nature. 2014;508:51–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Wyatt MB, McSween HY Jr. Spectral evidence for weathered basalt as an alternative to andesite in the northern lowlands of Mars. Nature. 2002;417:263–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Chesler PM, Liu H, Adams A. Holographic vortex liquids and superfluid turbulence. Science. 2013;341:368–72.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Amelung F, Yun S-H, Walter TR, Segall P, Kim S-W. Stress control of deep rift intrusion at Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii. Science. 2007;316:1026–30.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kühn V. Wireless Communications over MIMO Channels. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

1. Lucchese M, Scopinaro N, editors. Minimally Invasive Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery: Principles and Technical Aspects. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Marle F, Vidal L-A. Assessing Vulnerability of Complex Projects. In: Vidal L-A, editor. Managing Complex, High Risk Projects: A Guide to Basic and Advanced Project Management. London: Springer; 2016. p. 119–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomarker Research.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Are We Prepared For The Next Big Mediterranean Tsunami? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/are-we-prepared-next-big-mediterranean-tsunami/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. DOD Business Systems Modernization: Important Progress Made to Develop Business Enterprise Architecture, but Much Work Remains. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Sep. Report No.: GAO-03-1018.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Astorga J. Mentoring program for emancipated foster youth: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Koblin J. For Revival, MTV Pivots To Its Past. New York Times. 2017 Jul 30;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomarker Research
Abbreviation	Biomark. Res.
ISSN (online)	2050-7771
Scope