How to format your references using the Biomarker Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomarker Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smith A. Screening for drug discovery: the leading question. Nature. 2002;418:453–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Gosu V, Choi S. Structural dynamic analysis of apo and ATP-bound IRAK4 kinase. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5748.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Roy K, Hunt G, Jablonski D. Phylogenetic conservatism of extinctions in marine bivalves. Science. 2009;325:733–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Kawasaki Y, Lee J, Matsuzawa A, Kohda T, Kaneko-Ishino T, Ishino F. Active DNA demethylation is required for complete imprint erasure in primordial germ cells. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3658.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Stahl S. Real Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. van Ham M, Manley D, Bailey N, Simpson L, Maclennan D, editors. Neighbourhood Effects Research: New Perspectives. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Ardabili PN, Liu M. Establishing Network Reputation via Mechanism Design. In: Krishnamurthy V, Zhao Q, Huang M, Wen Y, editors. Game Theory for Networks: Third International ICST Conference, GameNets 2012, Vancouver, BC, Canada, May 24-26, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 47–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomarker Research.

Blog post

1. Hale T. Fear Of Zombies In Medieval England Made People Do Some Barbaric Things [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/fear-of-zombies-in-medieval-england-made-people-do-some-barbaric-things/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Programs at the U.S. Army School of the Americas in Panama. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1975 Nov. Report No.: ID-76-27.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Crowley KM. Dynamics of Creativity: A Study of Early Drug Discovery Scientists’ Experience of Creativity [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2019.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Feeney K. ‘The Way It’s Done in Japan.’ New York Times. 2009 Oct 25;NJ15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomarker Research
Abbreviation	Biomark. Res.
ISSN (online)	2050-7771
Scope