How to format your references using the Biomarker Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomarker Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Schimmel P. Alexander Rich (1924-2015). Nature. 2015;521:291.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Vyas VS, Lotsch BV. Materials chemistry: Organic polymers form fuel from water. Nature. 2015;521:41–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Nabel GJ, Wei C-J, Ledgerwood JE. Vaccinate for the next H2N2 pandemic now. Nature. 2011;471:157–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Endo M, Muramatsu H, Hayashi T, Kim YA, Terrones M, Dresselhaus MS. Nanotechnology: “buckypaper” from coaxial nanotubes. Nature. 2005;433:476.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Rowe WB. Modern Grinding Techniques. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Fenwick M, Wrbka S, editors. Legal Certainty in a Contemporary Context: Private and Criminal Law Perspectives. Singapore: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Santschi M. Traditional Authorities, Local Justice and Local Conflict Resolution Mechanisms in South Sudan. In: Hellmüller S, Santschi M, editors. Is Local Beautiful?: Peacebuilding between International Interventions and Locally Led Initiatives. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 43–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomarker Research.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Study Reveals Gene Mutation That Makes You Need Less Sleep [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/study-reveals-gene-mutation-makes-you-need-less-sleep/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Agreed-Upon Procedures: Highway Trust Fund Excise Taxes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Feb. Report No.: AIMD-99-71R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Monterosa VM. Digital Citizenship District-Wide: Examining the Organizational Evolution of an Initiative [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Gordon MR. U.S.-Russia Hotline Buzzes Even After Strike on Syria. New York Times. 2017 May 25;A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomarker Research
Abbreviation	Biomark. Res.
ISSN (online)	2050-7771
Scope