How to format your references using the Biology of Sex Differences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biology of Sex Differences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Kuratani S. Evolution. A muscular perspective on vertebrate evolution. Science. 2013;341:139–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Conner SD, Schmid SL. Regulated portals of entry into the cell. Nature. 2003;422:37–44.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Lukens JM, Leaird DE, Weiner AM. A temporal cloak at telecommunication data rate. Nature. 2013;498:205–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Salahudeen AA, Thompson JW, Ruiz JC, Ma H-W, Kinch LN, Li Q, et al. An E3 ligase possessing an iron-responsive hemerythrin domain is a regulator of iron homeostasis. Science. 2009;326:722–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Martin-Flatin J-P. Web-Based Management of IP Networks and Systems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2002.

An edited book

1. Abrahamsson P, Corral L, Oivo M, Russo B, editors. Product-Focused Software Process Improvement: 16th International Conference, PROFES 2015, Bolzano, Italy, December 2-4, 2015, Proceedings. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Shi H, Kurata Y. Modeling Ontological Concepts of Locations with a Heterogeneous Cardinal Direction Model. In: Bi Y, Williams M-A, editors. Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management: 4th International Conference, KSEM 2010, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK, September 1-3, 2010 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 4–15.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biology of Sex Differences.

Blog post

1. Taub B. Tortoise Gets A Set Of Wheels After Injuring Legs Having Sex [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/tortoise-gets-set-wheels-after-injuring-legs-having-sex/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Space Station: NASA’s Software Development Approach Increases Safety and Cost Risks. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Jun. Report No.: IMTEC-92-39.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Lovejoy LP. On the control of selective attention in the primate superior colliculus [Doctoral dissertation]. [La Jolla, CA]: University of California San Diego; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Pols M. World War II Fiction: The Home Front. New York Times. 2017 Mar 31;BR26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biology of Sex Differences
Abbreviation	Biol. Sex Differ.
ISSN (online)	2042-6410
Scope