How to format your references using the Biologicals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biologicals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Sandidge JS. Arachnology: scavenging by brown recluse spiders. Nature 2003;426:30.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Ding L, Morrison SJ. Haematopoietic stem cells and early lymphoid progenitors occupy distinct bone marrow niches. Nature 2013;495:231–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Taylor BW, Flecker AS, Hall RO Jr. Loss of a harvested fish species disrupts carbon flow in a diverse tropical river. Science 2006;313:833–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Han T, Yuan T, Li B, Qiu C-W. Homogeneous thermal cloak with constant conductivity and tunable heat localization. Sci Rep 2013;3:1593.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Johansen GA, Jackson P. Radioisotope Gauges for Industrial Process Measurements. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Bahadori A. Essentials of Water Systems Design in the Oil, Gas, and Chemical Processing Industries. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Russell R, Tokatlian JG. Argentina and the Rise of Brazil: Perceptions and Strategic Options. In: Gardini GL, Almeida MHT de, editors. Foreign Policy Responses to the Rise of Brazil: Balancing Power in Emerging States, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016, p. 62–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biologicals.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Toddler Battles Xenomorphs in Amazing P5000 Powerloader Costume. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/toddler-battles-xenomorphs-amazing-p5000-powerloader-costume/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Examination of Grants Awarded to the Berkeley Unified School District and to Bilingual Children’s Television, Inc. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1974.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Obiedat M. Incrementally Sorted Lattice Data Structures. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Galani U, Hay G. Helping Dubai, but Only So Far. New York Times 2009:B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biologicals
Abbreviation	Biologicals
ISSN (print)	1045-1056
Scope	Biotechnology Bioengineering General Immunology and Microbiology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology General Medicine Pharmacology