How to format your references using the Biologicals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biologicals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Keller M. Physics. Interfacing atoms and light--the smaller the stronger. Science 2013;340:1175–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hyman T, Simons K. A pipeline for Europe. Nature 2007;449:256.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Garrick-Bethell I, Nimmo F, Wieczorek MA. Structure and formation of the lunar farside highlands. Science 2010;330:949–51.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Scott-Browne JP, White J, Kappler JW, Gapin L, Marrack P. Germline-encoded amino acids in the alphabeta T-cell receptor control thymic selection. Nature 2009;458:1043–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

De Larminat P. Climate Change. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Wilde AAM, Tintelen JP van, editors. Founder mutations in inherited cardiac diseases in the Netherlands. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Medeiros MFT. Historical Ethnobiology. In: Albuquerque UP, Nóbrega Alves RR, editors. Introduction to Ethnobiology, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 19–24.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biologicals.

Blog post

[1]

Hamilton K. Ancient DNA In Lake Mud Sheds Light On The Mystery Of How Humans First Reached America. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/ancient-dna-in-lake-mud-sheds-light-on-the-mystery-of-how-humans-first-reached-america/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Department of Education: Long-Standing Management Problems Hamper Reforms. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Theisen TD. Improving the collaboration infrastructure of an online inter -institutional consortium. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Nir SM. Behind Perfect Nails, Ailing Salon Workers. New York Times 2015:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biologicals
Abbreviation	Biologicals
ISSN (print)	1045-1056
Scope	Biotechnology Bioengineering General Immunology and Microbiology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology General Medicine Pharmacology