How to format your references using the Biologicals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biologicals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Al-Hashimi HM. Biochemistry. Exciting structures. Science 2010;329:1295–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Martin CR, Siwy ZS. Chemistry. Learning nature’s way: biosensing with synthetic nanopores. Science 2007;317:331–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Sellman BR, Mourez M, Collier RJ. Dominant-negative mutants of a toxin subunit: an approach to therapy of anthrax. Science 2001;292:695–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Li S, Zhou D, Lu MM, Morrisey EE. Advanced cardiac morphogenesis does not require heart tube fusion. Science 2004;305:1619–22.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Liu S, Liu Y. Modeling and Simulation for Microelectronic Packaging Assembly. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Cordoba A, García-Donoso D, editors. The Sacred and Modernity in Urban Spain: Beyond the Secular City. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Ruggeri B, Tommasi T, Sanfilippo S. Effect of Temperature on Fermentative H2 Production by HPB. In: Tommasi T, Sanfilippo S, editors. BioH2 & BioCH4 Through Anaerobic Digestion: From Research to Full-scale Applications, London: Springer; 2015, p. 65–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biologicals.

Blog post

[1]

Hamilton K. Deadly Medical Errors Are Less Common Than Headlines Suggest. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/deadly-medical-errors-are-less-common-than-headlines-suggest/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Proposal for Replacement of Indian Health Service Hospital. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Coar H. Using mandalas to support grieving female adolescents: A case study. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Hubbard B. Iran and Saudis Trade Barbs With Pilgrimage Set to Start. New York Times 2016:A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biologicals
Abbreviation	Biologicals
ISSN (print)	1045-1056
Scope	Biotechnology Bioengineering General Immunology and Microbiology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology General Medicine Pharmacology