How to format your references using the Biological Cybernetics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biological Cybernetics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mather JC (2007) HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Science and Sputnik. Science 318:52–53

A journal article with 2 authors

Jerolmack DJ, Mohrig D (2005) Palaeoclimatology: formation of Precambrian sediment ripples. Nature 436:E1; discussion E1-2

A journal article with 3 authors

Tanimura H, Kanasaki J, Tanimura K (2014) State-resolved ultrafast dynamics of impact ionization in InSb. Sci Rep 4:6849

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bragina A, Berg C, Müller H, et al (2013) Insights into functional bacterial diversity and its effects on Alpine bog ecosystem functioning. Sci Rep 3:1955

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Villalta T (2012) The Large-Cap Portfolio. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Böhm J, Schuh H (eds) (2013) Atmospheric Effects in Space Geodesy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Wassenaar TM, Newell DG (2006) The Genus Campylobacter. In: Dworkin M, Falkow S, Rosenberg E, et al. (eds) The Prokaryotes: Volume 7: Proteobacteria: Delta, Epsilon Subclass. Springer, New York, NY, pp 119–138

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biological Cybernetics.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) Unevolved Galaxy Hails from the Early Universe. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/unevolved-galaxy-hails-early-universe/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1982) Evaluation of NASA Comments on Consolidated Space Operations Center. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Manandhar R (2017) Synthesis and Characterization of Some Novel Dinitrosyl Diphosphine Iron Complexes. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M (2010) At J. Crew’s Bridal Store, a Parisian Air. New York Times E6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mather 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Jerolmack and Mohrig 2005; Mather 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jerolmack and Mohrig 2005)
Three or more authors: (Bragina et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biological Cybernetics
Abbreviation	Biol. Cybern.
ISSN (print)	0340-1200
ISSN (online)	1432-0770
Scope	Biotechnology General Computer Science

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