How to format your references using the Biofouling citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biofouling. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Atkinson QD. 2011. Phonemic diversity supports a serial founder effect model of language expansion from Africa. Science. 332(6027):346–349.

A journal article with 2 authors

Feachem RGA, Medlin CA. 2002. Health is wealth. Nature. 417(6890):695.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yamashiro H, Isomura N, Sakai K. 2014. Bloom of the cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii on the gorgonian coral Annella reticulata in Japan. Sci Rep. 4:6032.

A journal article with 12 or more authors

Viboud C, Bjørnstad ON, Smith DL, Simonsen L, Miller MA, Grenfell BT. 2006. Synchrony, waves, and spatial hierarchies in the spread of influenza. Science. 312(5772):447–451.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Das JC. 2017. Understanding Symmetrical Components for Power System Modeling. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Youssef AA. 2010. Nanometer CMOS RFICs for Mobile TV Applications. Haslett J, editor. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Paterson JD. 2006. Aspects of Diet, Foraging, and Seed Predation in Ugandan Forest Baboons. In: Newton-Fisher NE, Notman H, Paterson JD, Reynolds V, editors. Primates of Western Uganda. New York, NY: Springer; p. 75–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biofouling.

Blog post

Andrew D. 2015. Top 10 Space Images Of 2014. IFLScience [Internet]. [accessed 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/space/top-10-space-images-2014/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1988. Telecommunications: Actions Needed for Better Management of Public Safety Spectrum. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alayed RA. 2010. Creating a culture of safety using electronic medical records as a tool [Doctoral dissertation]. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. 2017. How Murdoch Became the King of England. New York Times.:AR7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Atkinson 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Feachem and Medlin 2002; Atkinson 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Feachem and Medlin 2002)
Three or more authors: (Viboud et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biofouling
Abbreviation	Biofouling
ISSN (print)	0892-7014
ISSN (online)	1029-2454
Scope	Aquatic Science Water Science and Technology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology