How to format your references using the Biofouling citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biofouling. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chisholm SW. 2000. Stirring times in the Southern Ocean. Nature. 407(6805):685–687.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kim K-H, Park Q-H. 2013. Perfect anti-reflection from first principles. Sci Rep. 3:1062.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mitchell MW, Lundeen JS, Steinberg AM. 2004. Super-resolving phase measurements with a multiphoton entangled state. Nature. 429(6988):161–164.

A journal article with 12 or more authors

Delattre V, La Mendola D, Meystre J, Markram H, Markram K. 2013. Nlgn4 knockout induces network hypo-excitability in juvenile mouse somatosensory cortex in vitro. Sci Rep. 3:2897.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Choudhry M. 2010. Fixed Income Securities and Derivatives Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Sahai M. 2010. Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, Vol. 93. Gössinger E, Luzhetska M, Härle J, Begum SA, Ray AB, Kinghorn AD, Falk H, Kobayashi J, editors. Vienna: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Barford P, Chen Y, Goyal A, Li Z, Paxson V, Yegneswaran V. 2010. Employing Honeynets For Network Situational Awareness. In: Jajodia S, Liu P, Swarup V, Wang C, editors. Cyber Situational Awareness: Issues and Research. Boston, MA: Springer US; p. 71–102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biofouling.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2014. A Man Was Cured Of HIV In 2008, And Hardly Anyone Knows About It. IFLScience [Internet]. [accessed 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/man-was-cured-hiv-2008-and-hardly-anyone-knows-about-it/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1999. Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Time Issues Affecting the Global Positioning System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Huffman KD. 2009. Teacher and administrator perceptions of a balanced school calendar and its effects on students in poverty [Doctoral dissertation]. St. Charles, MO: Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Detrick B. 2017. Busy P Surveys the Paris Party Scene He Defined. New York Times.:D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chisholm 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Chisholm 2000; Kim and Park 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kim and Park 2013)
Three or more authors: (Delattre et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biofouling
Abbreviation	Biofouling
ISSN (print)	0892-7014
ISSN (online)	1029-2454
Scope	Aquatic Science Water Science and Technology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology