How to format your references using the Basic and Applied Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Basic and Applied Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Boisvert CA. The pelvic fin and girdle of Panderichthys and the origin of tetrapod locomotion. Nature. 2005 Dec 22;438(7071):1145–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mossel E, Vigoda E. Phylogenetic MCMC algorithms are misleading on mixtures of trees. Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2207–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chandra P, Coleman P, Flint R. Hastatic order in the heavy-fermion compound URu2Si2. Nature. 2013 Jan 31;493(7434):621–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wang KLC, Yoshida H, Lurin C, Ecker JR. Regulation of ethylene gas biosynthesis by the Arabidopsis ETO1 protein. Nature. 2004 Apr 29;428(6986):945–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hickey R. A Dictionary of Varieties of English. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2013.

An edited book

Landreau JC, Rodriguez NM, editors. Queer Masculinities: A Critical Reader in Education. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012. XX, 316 p. (Explorations of Educational Purpose; vol. 21).

A chapter in an edited book

de Souza DM, Dias-Neto E. RNA Biomarkers in Schizophrenia. In: Turck C, editor. Biomarkers for Psychiatric Disorders. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009. p. 97–127.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Basic and Applied Pathology.

Blog post

Andrew E. What is a comet, and will ISON explode? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2013 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/what-comet-and-will-ison-explode/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Review of Selected Projects Under the Bilingual Education Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973 Feb. Report No.: B-164031(1).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zavarella CA. Computer -based instruction and remedial mathematics: A study of student retention at a Florida community college [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Church Hints It May Serve As Mediator In Russia. New York Times. 2012 Jan 7;A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Basic and Applied Pathology
Abbreviation	Basic Appl. Pathol.
ISSN (online)	1755-9294
Scope	General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine