How to format your references using the Basic and Applied Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Basic and Applied Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ferry DK. Applied physics. Ohm’s law in a quantum world. Science. 2012 Jan 6;335(6064):45–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rakoff-Nahoum S, Comstock LE. Immunology: Starve a fever, feed the microbiota. Nature. 2014 Oct 30;514(7524):576–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grima JN, Attard D, Gatt R. Materials science. Unusual thermoelastic properties of methanol monohydrate. Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):687–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Pachepsky E, Crawford JW, Bown JL, Squire G. Towards a general theory of biodiversity. Nature. 2001 Apr 19;410(6831):923–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fu F. Advanced Modelling Techniques in Structural Design. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Reusch B, editor. Computational Intelligence, Theory and Applications: International Conference 9th Fuzzy Days in Dortmund, Germany, Sept. 18–20, 2006 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. XXX, 802 p. 216 illus., 1 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Liang J, Wang Z, Liu X. On Synchronization of Coupled Delayed Neural Networks. In: Kyamakya K, Halang WA, Unger H, Chedjou JC, Rulkov NF, Li Z, editors. Recent Advances in Nonlinear Dynamics and Synchronization: Theory and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 117–49. (Kacprzyk J, editor. Studies in Computational Intelligence).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Basic and Applied Pathology.

Blog post

Andrews R. Scientists Discover 40 New Genes Linked To Intelligence [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/scientists-discover-40-new-genes-linked-intelligence/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Programs for Land-Grant Schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 Mar. Report No.: HEHS-96-91R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tahira A. Synthesis of Bivalent Organothiophosphate Inhibitors and Their Inhibition of Butyrylcholinesterase: Studies towards a Potential Treatment of Cognitive Loss Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C. It’s Not Billions, But It Can Help Rescue an Artist. New York Times. 2012 Jun 3;BU1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Basic and Applied Pathology
Abbreviation	Basic Appl. Pathol.
ISSN (online)	1755-9294
Scope	General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine