How to format your references using the Basic and Applied Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Basic and Applied Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ott U. PLANETARY SCIENCE: Enhanced: Salty Old Rocks. Science. 2000 Jun 9;288(5472):1761–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hering JG, Ingold KM. Water management. Water resources management: what should be integrated? Science. 2012 Jun 8;336(6086):1234–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nozaki T, Kato Y, Suzuki K. Late Jurassic ocean anoxic event: evidence from voluminous sulphide deposition and preservation in the Panthalassa. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1889.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ule A, Schram A, Riedl A, Cason TN. Indirect punishment and generosity toward strangers. Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1701–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pohl J. Building Science. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.; 2011.

An edited book

Davenport JH, Farmer WM, Urban J, Rabe F, editors. Intelligent Computer Mathematics: 18th Symposium, Calculemus 2011, and 10th International Conference, MKM 2011, Bertinoro, Italy, July 18-23, 2011. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. XIII, 312 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 6824).

A chapter in an edited book

Nordström L, Babazadeh D. Cyber Physical Approach to HVDC Grid Control. In: Khaitan SK, McCalley JD, Liu CC, editors. Cyber Physical Systems Approach to Smart Electric Power Grid. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015. p. 75–101. (Power Systems).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Basic and Applied Pathology.

Blog post

Fang J. Researchers Find 108 Genetic Links To Schizophrenia [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/researchers-find-108-genetic-links-schizophrenia/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Transit Administration: Bus Rapid Transit Offers Communities a Flexible Mass Transit Option. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Jun. Report No.: GAO-03-729T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tuquero JM. A meta-ethnographic synthesis of support services for adult learners in distance learning programs [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman J. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times. 2017 Jan 13;MM26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Basic and Applied Pathology
Abbreviation	Basic Appl. Pathol.
ISSN (online)	1755-9294
Scope	General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine