How to format your references using the Basic and Applied Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Basic and Applied Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Anderson RS. GEOPHYSICS. Pinched topography initiates the critical zone. Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):506–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yu HK, Lee JL. Growth mechanism of metal-oxide nanowires synthesized by electron beam evaporation: a self-catalytic vapor-liquid-solid process. Sci Rep. 2014 Oct 10;4:6589.

A journal article with 3 authors

Khush RS, Leulier F, Lemaitre B. Immunology. Pathogen surveillance--the flies have it. Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):273–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kam TI, Mao X, Park H, Chou SC, Karuppagounder SS, Umanah GE, et al. Poly(ADP-ribose) drives pathologic α-synuclein neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Science. 2018 Nov 2;362(6414).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Declerck P. Discrete Event Systems in Dioid Algebra and Conventional Algebra. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Hart WE. Pyomo – Optimization Modeling in Python. Laird C, Watson JP, Woodruff DL, editors. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2012. XVIII, 238 p. (Springer Optimization and Its Applications; vol. 67).

A chapter in an edited book

Ésik Z, Kuich W. On Power Series over a Graded Monoid. In: Calude CS, Freivalds R, Kazuo I, editors. Computing with New Resources: Essays Dedicated to Jozef Gruska on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 49–55. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Basic and Applied Pathology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Scientists Reveal How Our Circadian Clocks Are Reset [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-reveal-how-our-circadian-clocks-are-reset/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Analysis of “Florida’s Fair Share.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 Jun. Report No.: HEHS-96-168R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Templeton TH. The Impact of Emergent Information and Communication Technology on Peacebuilding [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY JC Jr, Rojas R. An Impostor’s Lives and Lies. New York Times. 2016 Feb 7;MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Basic and Applied Pathology
Abbreviation	Basic Appl. Pathol.
ISSN (online)	1755-9294
Scope	General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine