How to format your references using the Basic and Applied Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Basic and Applied Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lovley DR. Bioremediation. Anaerobes to the rescue. Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1444–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Huey RB, Moody WJ. Neuroscience and evolution. Snake sodium channels resist TTX arrest. Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1289–90.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dickie IA, Hurst JM, Bellingham PJ. Comment on “Conspecific negative density dependence and forest diversity.” Science. 2012 Oct 26;338(6106):469; author reply 469.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ernst J, Kheradpour P, Mikkelsen TS, Shoresh N, Ward LD, Epstein CB, et al. Mapping and analysis of chromatin state dynamics in nine human cell types. Nature. 2011 May 5;473(7345):43–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lalanne C. Specification Development. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Brahnam S, Jain LC, editors. Advanced Computational Intelligence Paradigms in Healthcare 5: Intelligent Decision Support Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. XVI, 232 p. 65 illus. (Studies in Computational Intelligence; vol. 326).

A chapter in an edited book

Malinowska AB, Torres DFM. Conclusion. In: Torres DFM, editor. Quantum Variational Calculus. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 79–81. (SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Basic and Applied Pathology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Headway Made Toward HIV Vaccine [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/headway-made-toward-hiv-vaccine/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Army Training: Improvements Are Needed in 5-Ton Truck Driver Training and Supervision. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001 Apr. Report No.: GAO-01-436.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hambarsoomian H. Classification of Placental Chorionic Surface Vasculature Network Features Using Machine Learning Techniques [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. Oliver Extends HBO Contract. New York Times. 2017 Sep 12;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Basic and Applied Pathology
Abbreviation	Basic Appl. Pathol.
ISSN (online)	1755-9294
Scope	General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine