How to format your references using the Audiology and Neurotology Extra citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Audiology and Neurotology Extra. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Geha M: Galaxy formation: Gone with the wind? Nature 2010;463:167–168.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sprecher SG, Desplan C: Switch of rhodopsin expression in terminally differentiated Drosophila sensory neurons. Nature 2008;454:533–537.

A journal article with 3 authors

Richardson DS, Komdeur J, Burke T: Avian behaviour: Altruism and infidelity among warblers. Nature 2003;422:580.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Fan C, Fan M, Orlando BJ, Fastman NM, Zhang J, Xu Y, et al.: X-ray and cryo-EM structures of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Nature 2018;559:575–579.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Horrocks G: Greek, Oxford, UK, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

An edited book

Quirk TJ: Excel 2013 for Biological and Life Sciences Statistics: A Guide to Solving Practical Problems, Cham, Springer International Publishing, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Schnabel S, Dahlgren RA, Moreno-Marcos G: Soil and Water Dynamics; in Campos P, Huntsinger L, Oviedo Pro JL, Starrs PF, Diaz M, Standiford RB, et al. (eds): Mediterranean Oak Woodland Working Landscapes: Dehesas of Spain and Ranchlands of California. Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands, 2013, pp 91–121.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Audiology and Neurotology Extra.

Blog post

Fang J: Are Animals Getting Smaller and Smaller with Rising Temperatures? [Internet]. IFLScience 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/are-animals-getting-smaller-and-smaller-rising-temperatures/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Business Systems Modernization: DOD Continues to Improve Institutional Approach, but Further Steps Needed, Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Narang S: Use of technology to reduce the occurrence of medication errors in a U.S. hospital: A project report 2013;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu L: On What He Really Said, and Whom He Is Blaming for It. New York Times 2017;A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Audiology and Neurotology Extra
Abbreviation	Audiol. Neurotol. Extra
ISSN (online)	1664-5537
Scope