How to format your references using the Audiology and Neurotology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Audiology and Neurotology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zemlo T: The evolution of life-sciences sales. Nature 2007;447:230.

A journal article with 2 authors

Michalakis Y, Roze D: Evolution. Epistasis in RNA viruses. Science 2004;306:1492–1493.

A journal article with 3 authors

Keimer B, Sackmann E, Withers PJ: Neutron scattering. The case for neutron sources. Science 2002;298:543.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hu T, Chung YM, Guan M, Ma M, Ma J, Berek JS, et al.: Reprogramming ovarian and breast cancer cells into non-cancerous cells by low-dose metformin or SN-38 through FOXO3 activation. Sci Rep 2014;4:5810.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schepers U: RNA Interference in Practice, Weinheim, FRG, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2004.

An edited book

Zivanovic MD: Multi-Arm Cooperating Robots: Dynamics and Control, Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Fesanghary M: Harmony Search Applications in Mechanical, Chemical and Electrical Engineering; in Geem ZW (ed): Music-Inspired Harmony Search Algorithm: Theory and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, 2009, pp 71–86.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Audiology and Neurotology.

Blog post

Hale T: This Is What Happens If You Flush Sodium Down The Toilet [Internet]. IFLScience 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/this-is-what-happens-if-you-flush-sodium-down-the-toilet/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Program Status: Naval Surface Fire Support, Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hung H-C: Allocation of Jobs and Resources to Work Centers 2006;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Isaac M: SoftBank of Japan Is Said to Be Weighing an Investment in Uber. New York Times 2017;B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Audiology and Neurotology
Abbreviation	Audiol. Neurootol.
ISSN (print)	1420-3030
ISSN (online)	1421-9700
Scope	Physiology Otorhinolaryngology Sensory Systems Speech and Hearing