How to format your references using the Asian Journal of Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asian Journal of Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kawakatsu H. Geophysics. At the bottom of the oceanic plate. Science. 2012;335(6075):1448-1449.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhou WX, Chen KQ. Enhancement of thermoelectric performance by reducing phonon thermal conductance in multiple core-shell nanowires. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7150.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang M, Vijayraghavan S, Goldman-Rakic PS. Selective D2 receptor actions on the functional circuitry of working memory. Science. 2004;303(5659):853-856.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Brown P, Spalding RE, ReVelle DO, Tagliaferri E, Worden SP. The flux of small near-Earth objects colliding with the Earth. Nature. 2002;420(6913):294-296.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dubil R. Financial Engineering and Arbitrage in the Financial Markets. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2011.

An edited book

Sappa AD. Multimodal Interaction in Image and Video Applications. Vol 48. (Vitrià J, ed.). Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Takahashi A. Diagnosis of Lateral Extensions. In: Oyama T, ed. Endoscopic Diagnosis of Superficial Gastric Cancer for ESD. Springer Japan; 2016:29-37.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asian Journal of Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E. Genetic Analysis Determines Age of Y-Chromosome ‘Adam.’ IFLScience. February 3, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/genetic-analysis-determines-age-y-chromosome-‘adam’/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Reimbursable Space Act Agreements: NASA Generally Adhering to Fair Reimbursement Controls, but Guidance on Waived Cost Justifications Needs Refinement. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hurwitz BL. Viral Community Dynamics and Functional Specialization in the Pacific Ocean. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M. Check In /Check Out; MIAMI BEACH, FLA.: Soho Beach House. New York Times. November 28, 2010:TR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Asian Journal of Surgery
Abbreviation	Asian J. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1015-9584
Scope	Surgery