How to format your references using the Asian Journal of Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asian Journal of Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bohannon J. Artificial intelligence. The synthetic therapist. Science. 2015;349(6245):250-251.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sun J, Liu T. The age of the Taklimakan Desert. Science. 2006;312(5780):1621.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gu C, Jan YN, Jan LY. A conserved domain in axonal targeting of Kv1 (Shaker) voltage-gated potassium channels. Science. 2003;301(5633):646-649.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino A, Ditchfield P, Clark J. Small mid-Pleistocene hominin associated with East African Acheulean technology. Science. 2004;305(5680):75-78.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Glisic SG. Advanced Wireless Communications & Internet. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

Vincent JL, ed. Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2010. Vol 2010. Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Rugini E, De Pace C, Gutiérrez-Pesce P, Muleo R. Olea. In: Kole C, ed. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Temperate Fruits. Springer; 2011:79-117.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asian Journal of Surgery.

Blog post

Hale T. Watch This Stunning Animation About The Hubble Telescope And The Universe. IFLScience. Published February 27, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/watch-this-stunning-animation-about-the-hubble-telescope-and-the-universe/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Special Education: More Flexible Spending Requirement Could Mitigate Unintended Consequences While Protecting Services. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wyers ML. An Investigation of Teacher Understanding and Perceptions of the Effectiveness of the Use of Learning Targets in the Classroom. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. I Am Another You. New York Times. September 26, 2017:C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Asian Journal of Surgery
Abbreviation	Asian J. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1015-9584
Scope	Surgery