How to format your references using the Asian Journal of Neurosurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asian Journal of Neurosurgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rees WE. Ecological footprints: A blot on the land. Nature 2003;421:898.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jin J, MacMillan DWC. Alcohols as alkylating agents in heteroarene C-H functionalization. Nature 2015;525:87–90.

A journal article with 3 authors

Linnartz H, Verdes D, Maier JP. Rotationally resolved infrared spectrum of the charge transfer complex [Ar-N2]+. Science 2002;297:1166–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Boddey JA, Hodder AN, Günther S, Gilson PR, Patsiouras H, Kapp EA, et al. An aspartyl protease directs malaria effector proteins to the host cell. Nature 2010;463:627–31.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Godula-Jopek A, Jehle W, Wellnitz J. Hydrogen Storage Technologies. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2012.

An edited book

Padois V, Bidaud P, Khatib O, editors. Romansy 19 – Robot Design, Dynamics and Control: Proceedings of the 19th CISM-Iftomm Symposium. Vienna: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Ruiz EL, Izquierdo CE, Batista BM, Moreno-Vega JM. A Metaheuristic Approach for the Seaside Operations in Maritime Container Terminals. In: Rojas I, Joya G, Cabestany J, editors. Advances in Computational Intelligence: 12th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2013, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain, June 12-14, 2013, Proceedings, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. page 28–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asian Journal of Neurosurgery.

Blog post

Andrew E. Fruit flies have been genetically modified to GLOW when they detect cancer [Internet]. IFLScience2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/fruit-flies-have-been-genetically-modified-glow-when-they-detect-cancer/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Aviation: Program Aimed at High-Risk Parent Abductors Could Aid in Preventing Abductions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Liao W. The epitope specificity of the human anti-Candida albicans antibody M1g1. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wilson M. A Gadget Is Favored by Fingers Both Restless and Sticky. New York Times2017;A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Asian Journal of Neurosurgery
Abbreviation	Asian J. Neurosurg.
ISSN (print)	1793-5482
ISSN (online)	2248-9614
Scope