How to format your references using the Asia-Pacific Science Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asia-Pacific Science Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cifelli, R. L. (2015). Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska (1925-2015). Nature, 520(7546), 158.

A journal article with 2 authors

Anderson, M. J., & Dixson, A. F. (2002). Sperm competition: motility and the midpiece in primates. Nature, 416(6880), 496.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ghosh, D., Segal, A., & Voets, T. (2014). Distinct modes of perimembrane TRP channel turnover revealed by TIR-FRAP. Scientific reports, 4, 7111.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Sanford, E., Roth, M. S., Johns, G. C., Wares, J. P., & Somero, G. N. (2003). Local selection and latitudinal variation in a marine predator-prey interaction. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5622), 1135–1137.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gwynne, A. (2013). Guide to Building Control. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

He, X., Hua, E., Lin, Y., & Liu, X. (Eds.). (2012). Computer, Informatics, Cybernetics and Applications: Proceedings of the CICA 2011 (Vol. 107). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang, F., Agrawal, G., & Jin, R. (2008). Query Planning for Searching Inter-dependent Deep-Web Databases. In B. Ludäscher & N. Mamoulis (Eds.), Scientific and Statistical Database Management: 20th International Conference, SSDBM 2008, Hong Kong, China, July 9-11, 2008 Proceedings (pp. 24–41). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asia-Pacific Science Education.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2016, December 30). Hubble Snaps Gorgeous View Of A Cosmic Microwave Laser. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/hubble-snaps-gorgeous-view-of-a-cosmic-microwave-laser/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2009). Homeland Security: Despite Progress, DHS Continues to Be Challenged in Managing Its Multi-Billion Dollar Annual Investment in Large-Scale Information Technology Systems (No. GAO-09-1002T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Eakman, T. L. (2017). Education Level and Critical Thinking Skills Among Substance Use Counselors Nationwide: A Descriptive Comparative Study (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. (2017, February 15). Theater; A New Angle on an Old Line. New York Times, p. AR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cifelli 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Anderson and Dixson 2002; Cifelli 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Anderson and Dixson 2002)
Three or more authors: (Sanford et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Asia-Pacific Science Education
ISSN (online)	2364-1177
Scope