How to format your references using the Asia-Pacific Science Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asia-Pacific Science Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mackas, D. L. (2011). Does blending of chlorophyll data bias temporal trend? Nature, 472(7342), E4-5; discussion E8-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Taylor, W. R., & Lin, K. (2003). Protein knots: A tangled problem. Nature, 421(6918), 25.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yi, C., Wei, S., & Hendrey, G. (2014). Warming climate extends dryness-controlled areas of terrestrial carbon sequestration. Scientific reports, 4, 5472.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Gao, X., Zhang, H., Zhuang, W., Yuan, G., Sun, T., Jiang, X., et al. (2014). PEDF and PEDF-derived peptide 44mer protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced apoptosis and necroptosis via anti-oxidative effect. Scientific reports, 4, 5637.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Maillard, P. (2013). Competitive Quality Strategies. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Aguilar, L. T. (2015). Self-Oscillations in Dynamic Systems: A New Methodology via Two-Relay Controllers. (I. Boiko, L. Fridman, & R. Iriarte, Eds.) (1st ed. 2015.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Shin, S.-J. (2015). Quantifiers Are Logical Constants, but Only Ambiguously. In A. Torza (Ed.), Quantifiers, Quantifiers, and Quantifiers: Themes in Logic, Metaphysics, and Language (pp. 51–70). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asia-Pacific Science Education.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016, June 29). Forget Iron Man: Skintight Suits Are The Future Of Robotic Exoskeletons. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/forget-iron-man-skintight-suits-are-the-future-of-robotic-exoskeletons/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1979). Management Guidelines for Cost Accounting and Cost Control for ADP Systems Design and Development Activities (No. 094325). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Evans, M. D. (2014). A Correlational Analysis of Teacher Observation Scores and Student Achievement (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K. (2008, September 28). Growing More Diverse. New York Times, p. NJ11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mackas 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Mackas 2011; Taylor and Lin 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Taylor and Lin 2003)
Three or more authors: (Gao et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Asia-Pacific Science Education
ISSN (online)	2364-1177
Scope