How to format your references using the Asia-Pacific Journal of Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asia-Pacific Journal of Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heritage J. Plant sciences. Will GM rapeseed cut the mustard? Science. 2003;302(5644):401-403.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sanz J, Fayad ZA. Imaging of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nature. 2008;451(7181):953-957.

A journal article with 3 authors

Saran R, Stolojan V, Curry RJ. Ultrahigh performance C60 nanorod large area flexible photoconductor devices via ultralow organic and inorganic photodoping. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5041.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bafekrpour E, Molotnikov A, Weaver JC, Brechet Y, Estrin Y. Responsive materials: a novel design for enhanced machine-augmented composites. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3783.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hollin CR. The Psychology of Interpersonal Violence. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Escher J, Guidotti P, Hieber M, et al., eds. Parabolic Problems: The Herbert Amann Festschrift. Vol 80. Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Hung W. Problem-Based Learning: Conception, Practice, and Future. In: Cho YH, Caleon IS, Kapur M, eds. Authentic Problem Solving and Learning in the 21st Century: Perspectives from Singapore and Beyond. Education Innovation Series. Springer; 2015:75-92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asia-Pacific Journal of Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation and Technology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. NASA’s Curiosity Rover Spots Metallic Object On Mars. IFLScience. January 16, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasas-curiosity-rover-has-found-its-third-meteorite-on-mars/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: IRS Needs to Improve Its Processes for Prioritizing and Reporting Performance of Investments. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dawood AA. Relationship between Mental Health and Treatment Seeking in an Urban Muslim Community. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sbarbaro JA. Standard Morning Fare, on the Go. New York Times. March 22, 2017:A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Asia-Pacific Journal of Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation and Technology
Abbreviation	Asia Pac. J. Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rehabil. Technol.
ISSN (print)	2214-6873
Scope