How to format your references using the Artificial Intelligence and Law citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Artificial Intelligence and Law. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zhou Y (2015) The rapid rise of a research nation. Nature 528:S170-3

A journal article with 2 authors

Harvey THP, Butterfield NJ (2008) Sophisticated particle-feeding in a large Early Cambrian crustacean. Nature 452:868–871

A journal article with 3 authors

Krumholz MR, McKee CF, Klein RI (2005) The formation of stars by gravitational collapse rather than competitive accretion. Nature 438:332–334

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Ule A, Schram A, Riedl A, Cason TN (2009) Indirect punishment and generosity toward strangers. Science 326:1701–1704

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Esmailzadeh R (2006) Broadband Wireless Communications Business. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Lioui A (2005) Dynamic Asset Allocation with Forwards and Futures. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Byers M, Starkey K, Mahoney PF (2011) How Guns Work. In: Brooks AJ, Clasper J, Midwinter M, et al. (eds) Ryan’s Ballistic Trauma: A Practical Guide. Springer, London, pp 23–36

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Artificial Intelligence and Law.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Why Do Mirrors Seem To Flip Things Horizontally? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/why-do-mirrors-seem-flip-things-horizontally/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) NASA Procurement: Status of Efforts to Improve Oversight. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Katsky CS (2015) Open Secrets: Congressional Oversight of the CIA in the Early Cold War. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2010) Woods’s Downfall As Gripping As His Reign. New York Times B13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zhou 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Harvey and Butterfield 2008; Zhou 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Harvey and Butterfield 2008)
Three or more authors: (Ule et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Artificial Intelligence and Law
Abbreviation	Artif. Intell. Law
ISSN (print)	0924-8463
ISSN (online)	1572-8382
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Law