How to format your references using the Arctic Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arctic Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lederman, L. 2004. The pleasure of learning. Nature 430: 617.

A journal article with 2 authors

Welker, J., and Giessibl, F.J. 2012. Revealing the angular symmetry of chemical bonds by atomic force microscopy. Science 336: 444–449.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mossinger, J., White, M., and Goymer, P. 2013. Coastal regions. Nature 504: 35.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kim, B.J., Tersoff, J., Kodambaka, S., Reuter, M.C., Stach, E.A., and Ross, F.M. 2008. Kinetics of individual nucleation events observed in nanoscale vapor-liquid-solid growth. Science 322: 1070–1073.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wiebe, V.J. 2015. Drug Therapy for Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Yu, G., and Jin, Y. (eds.) 2016. Assessing Chinese Learners of English: Language Constructs, Consequences and Conundrums. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Ohno, N., Sakoh, T., Saitoh, Y., Terada, N., and Ohno, S. 2014. Schwann Cell–Axon Interactions: The Molecular and Metabolic Link Between Schwann Cells and Axons. Pages 47–67 in K. Sango and J. Yamauchi, eds. Schwann Cell Development and Pathology. Springer Japan, Tokyo.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arctic Science.

Blog post

Fang, J. 2014.December 11. Dragonflies Can Predict Their Prey’s Next Move. IFLScience. [Online] Available: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dragonflies-can-predict-their-preys-next-move/ [2018 Oct. 30].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2006. Aviation Security: Enhancements Made in Passenger and Checked Baggage Screening, but Challenges Remain. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee, S. 2005. The Influence of Product Involvement and Fan Identification on Response to Team Sponsors’ Products. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M. 1992.October 24. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Democrats; Clinton Settles Into Theme Of Inclusion and Consensus. New York Times: 19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lederman 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Lederman 2004; Welker and Giessibl 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Welker and Giessibl 2012)
Three or more authors: (Kim et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arctic Science
ISSN (print)	2368-7460
Scope