How to format your references using the Arctic Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arctic Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Flannery, T. 2001. Geology. North American devastation or global cataclysm? Science 294: 1668–1669.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jensen, K., and Murray, F. 2005. Intellectual property. Enhanced: intellectual property landscape of the human genome. Science 310: 239–240.

A journal article with 3 authors

Snellen, I.A.G., de Mooij, E.J.W., and Albrecht, S. 2009. The changing phases of extrasolar planet CoRoT-1b. Nature 459: 543–545.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P.J., Kiehl, J.T., and Rosenfeld, D. 2001. Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle. Science 294: 2119–2124.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lindahl, D. 2007. Emerging Real Estate Markets. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Korkin, A., and Rosei, F. (eds.) 2008. Nanoelectronics and Photonics: From Atoms to Materials, Devices, and Architectures. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Dredge, D. 2015. Tourism and Governance. Pages 75–90 in G. Moscardo and P. Benckendorff, eds. Education for Sustainability in Tourism: A Handbook of Processes, Resources, and Strategies. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arctic Science.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015.February 10. 3D Vaccine Self-Assembles To Fight Cancer and Infectious Disease. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2016. Social Security Offsets: Improvements to Program Design Could Better Assist Older Student Loan Borrowers with Obtaining Permitted Relief. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stewart, A.R. 2009. Entrepreneurial perception: A survey of graduates of a global management MBA program. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. 2012.April 21. The One And Only: The Footprints On a Path to Gold. New York Times: SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Flannery 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Flannery 2001; Jensen and Murray 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jensen and Murray 2005)
Three or more authors: (Ramanathan et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arctic Science
ISSN (print)	2368-7460
Scope