How to format your references using the Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research (AAAR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hakim, A. M. 2014: Perspective: silent, but preventable, perils. Nature, 510: S12.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hamm, J. M., and Hess, O. 2013: Physics. Two two-dimensional materials are better than one. Science (New York, N.Y.), 340: 1298–1299.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang, W., Kawamata, H., and Liu, K. 2009: CH stretching excitation in the early barrier F + CHD3 reaction inhibits CH bond cleavage. Science (New York, N.Y.), 325: 303–306.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Minna, J. D., Gazdar, A. F., Sprang, S. R., and Herz, J. 2004: Cancer. A bull’s eye for targeted lung cancer therapy. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304: 1458–1461.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lu, J., Zhao, X., and Yamada, S. 2016: Harmonic Balance Finite Element Method. Singapore:, John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.

An edited book

Homer, S. 2011: Computability and Complexity Theory. (A. L. Selman, Ed.) (2nd ed.). Boston, MA:, Springer US, XVI, 300 p pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhang, Q., Li, H., and Zhang, X. 2015: Cat Scratch Disease. In H. Li (ed.), Radiology of Infectious Diseases: Volume 2. Dordrecht:, Springer Netherlands, pp. 63–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015, February 13: Studying Tooth Enamel Nanostructure May Lead To Less Time With The Dentist’s Drillaccessed 30 October 2018, <https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/studying-tooth-enamel-nanostructure-may-lead-less-time-dentist-s-drill/>.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1999: General Aviation Airports: Oversight and Funding (No. T-RCED-99-214). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shelton-Quinn, A. 2009: Increasing positive peer reporting and on -task behavior using a peer monitoring interdependent group contingency program with public posting (Doctoral dissertation). Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bilefsky, D. 2017, July 12: Plan to Withdraw From European Nuclear Treaty Stirs Alarm in Britain. New York Times, p. A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hakim, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Hakim, 2014; Hamm and Hess, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hamm and Hess, 2013)
Three authors: (Zhang, Kawamata, and Liu, 2009)
6 or more authors: (Minna, Gazdar, Sprang, and Herz, 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research
Abbreviation	Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res.
ISSN (print)	1523-0430
ISSN (online)	1938-4246
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Earth-Surface Processes Global and Planetary Change