How to format your references using the Archives of Virology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Virology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Azoulay P (2012) Research efficiency: Turn the scientific method on ourselves. Nature 484:31–32

A journal article with 2 authors

Weiss RB, Atkins JF (2011) Molecular biology. Translation goes global. Science 334:1509–1510

A journal article with 3 authors

Shi Y, Tyson GW, DeLong EF (2009) Metatranscriptomics reveals unique microbial small RNAs in the ocean’s water column. Nature 459:266–269

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Nishida M, Maruyama Y, Tanaka R, et al (2000) G alpha(i) and G alpha(o) are target proteins of reactive oxygen species. Nature 408:492–495

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety (2003) Guidelines for Investigating Chemical Process Incidents. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Agarwal RP (2014) Regularity of Difference Equations on Banach Spaces. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Alotaibi KD, Schoenau JJ (2012) Biofuel Production Byproducts as Soil Amendments. In: Lichtfouse E (ed) Organic Fertilisation, Soil Quality and Human Health. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 67–91

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Virology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Scientists Create World’s Thinnest Light Bulb Using Graphene. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/thinnest-graphene-light/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1974) Partial Report-in-Depth Investigation Into Independent Research and Development and Bid and Proposal Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson S (2017) Searching for Identity and Truth: How Letter Writing Creates Identity in Victorian Literature. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stellin S (2013) For Carry-On Bags, Size Is Just the Beginning. New York Times TR4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Virology
Abbreviation	Arch. Virol.
ISSN (print)	0304-8608
ISSN (online)	1432-8798
Scope	Virology General Medicine