How to format your references using the Archives of Virology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Virology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Masood E (2013) Pakistan must seize the chance to revive its science. Nature 500:7

A journal article with 2 authors

Rejec T, Meir Y (2006) Magnetic impurity formation in quantum point contacts. Nature 442:900–903

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhu L, Ploessl K, Kung HF (2013) Chemistry. Expanding the scope of fluorine tags for PET imaging. Science 342:429–430

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Masuno A, Moriyoshi C, Mizoguchi T, et al (2013) Stabilization of metastable ferroelectric Ba₁-xCaxTi₂O₅ by breaking Ca-site selectivity via crystallization from glass. Sci Rep 3:3010

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shreves R, Dunwoodie B (2011) Drupal® 7 Bible. Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA

An edited book

Andersen ML, Tufik S (2016) Rodent Model as Tools in Ethical Biomedical Research, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Bartolotta TV, Taibbi A, Quaia E, Midiri M (2007) Applicazione dei mezzi di contrasto ecografici nelle lesioni focali del fegato steatosico, nelle lesioni epatiche rare e nelle pseudolesioni del fegato. In: Quaia E (ed) Mezzi di contrasto in ecografia: Applicazioni addominali. Springer, Milano, pp 45–62

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Virology.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016) Could This New Clock Redefine The Length Of A Second? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/could-this-new-clock-redefine-the-length-of-a-second/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1995) Amtrak: Deteriorated Financial and Operating Conditions Threaten Long-Term Viability. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Escamilla D (2012) How performance following the implementation of a new structure affects employee engagement. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2003) Fish Are Running, Not the Meter. New York Times 147

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Virology
Abbreviation	Arch. Virol.
ISSN (print)	0304-8608
ISSN (online)	1432-8798
Scope	Virology General Medicine