How to format your references using the Archives of Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lloyd K. MICROBIOLOGY. Beyond known methanogens. Science. 2015;350(6259):384.

A journal article with 2 authors

Moore SL, Wilson K. Parasites as a viability cost of sexual selection in natural populations of mammals. Science. 2002;297(5589):2015-2018.

A journal article with 3 authors

Syntichaki P, Topalidou I, Thireos G. The Gcn5 bromodomain co-ordinates nucleosome remodelling. Nature. 2000;404(6776):414-417.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Boscaro V, Schrallhammer M, Benken KA, et al. Rediscovering the genus Lyticum, multiflagellated symbionts of the order Rickettsiales. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3305.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ash MK. The Mary Kay Way. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

Dritschel MA, ed. The Extended Field of Operator Theory. Vol 171. Birkhäuser; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Chkadua O, Duduchava R, Kapanadze D. Potential Methods for Anisotropic Pseudo-Maxwell Equations in Screen Type Problems. In: Karlovich YI, Rodino L, Silbermann B, Spitkovsky IM, eds. Operator Theory, Pseudo-Differential Equations, and Mathematical Physics: The Vladimir Rabinovich Anniversary Volume. Springer; 2013:73-93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Surgery.

Blog post

Fang J. Ancient Virus Revived From 700-Year-Old Caribou Feces. IFLScience. October 28, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ancient-virus-dna-revived-700-year-old-caribou-feces/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Improved Planning--A Must Before a Department-Wide Automatic Data Processing System Is Acquired for the Department of Agriculture. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1975.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cabrales M. Gupta Rajpoot Scheme for Quark Flavor Mixing. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. An Indomitable Woman Goes West. New York Times. June 13, 2017:C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Surgery
Abbreviation	Arch. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0004-0010
ISSN (online)	1538-3644
Scope	Surgery