How to format your references using the Archives of Osteoporosis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Osteoporosis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ainsworth C (2012) Immunology: A many layered thing. Nature 492:S52-4

A journal article with 2 authors

Peng L, Mortensen NA (2014) Plasmonic-cavity model for radiating nano-rod antennas. Sci Rep 4:3825

A journal article with 3 authors

Li Z, Marsiglio F, Carbotte JP (2013) Vanishing of interband light absorption in a persistent spin helix state. Sci Rep 3:2828

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Li W, Kamtekar S, Xiong Y, et al (2005) Structure of a synaptic gammadelta resolvase tetramer covalently linked to two cleaved DNAs. Science 309:1210–1215

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sawant RJ (2010) Infrastructure Investing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Lee S-W, Li SZ (2007) Advances in Biometrics: International Conference, ICB 2007, Seoul, Korea, August 27-29, 2007. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Ohno S (2016) Technical Merits with “IVCT.” In: Ohno S, Ohno N, Terada N (eds) In Vivo Cryotechnique in Biomedical Research and Application for Bioimaging of Living Animal Organs. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp 15–16

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Osteoporosis.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) A Melting Arctic And Weird Weather: The Plot Thickens. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/melting-arctic-and-weird-weather-plot-thickens/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1991) Air Traffic Control: Efforts to Modernize Oceanic System Delayed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Selby C (2015) With|out. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L (2007) Nassau County Buys Farm Development Rights. New York Times 14LI2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Osteoporosis
Abbreviation	Arch. Osteoporos.
ISSN (print)	1862-3522
ISSN (online)	1862-3514
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine