How to format your references using the Archives of Osteoporosis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Osteoporosis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Soares D (2002) Neurology: an ancient sensory organ in crocodilians. Nature 417:241–242

A journal article with 2 authors

Nemoto S, Finkel T (2002) Redox regulation of forkhead proteins through a p66shc-dependent signaling pathway. Science 295:2450–2452

A journal article with 3 authors

Marshall CH, Pielke RA Sr, Steyaert LT (2003) Wetlands: crop freezes and land-use change in Florida. Nature 426:29–30

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Hopkins BD, Pauli C, Du X, et al (2018) Publisher Correction: Suppression of insulin feedback enhances the efficacy of PI3K inhibitors. Nature 563:E24

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Worth SM (2010) The Association Guide to Going Global. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Basin D, Mitchell JC (2013) Principles of Security and Trust: Second International Conference, POST 2013, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2013, Rome, Italy, March 16-24, 2013. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Hogg T, Fattal DA, Chen K-Y, Guha S (2010) Economic Applications of Quantum Information Processing. In: Basu B, Chakravarty SR, Chakrabarti BK, Gangopadhyay K (eds) Econophysics and Economics of Games, Social Choices and Quantitative Techniques. Springer, Milano, pp 32–43

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Osteoporosis.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Caloric Restriction Increases Lifespan In Monkeys. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/caloric-restriction-increases-lifespan-monkeys/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1982) Space-Based Lasers. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shackelford V (2014) Mary’s mandala story: Images of chaos in mandala psychology. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2002) Abingdon Square Park: Small Site, Never-Ending Debate. New York Times 148

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Osteoporosis
Abbreviation	Arch. Osteoporos.
ISSN (print)	1862-3522
ISSN (online)	1862-3514
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine