How to format your references using the Archives of Osteoporosis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Osteoporosis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Savage N (2015) Synthetic coatings: Super surfaces. Nature 519:S7-9

A journal article with 2 authors

Jakob M, Hilaire J (2015) Climate science: Unburnable fossil-fuel reserves. Nature 517:150–152

A journal article with 3 authors

Moles A, Kieffer BL, D’Amato FR (2004) Deficit in attachment behavior in mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene. Science 304:1983–1986

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Fritzsch B, Piatigorsky J, Tessmar-Raible K, et al (2005) Ancestry of Photic and Mechanic Sensation? Science 308:1113–1114

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ehrlich E, Fanelli D (2012) The Financial Services Marketing Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Fischer-Hübner S, Katsikas S, Quirchmayr G (2012) Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business: 9th International Conference, TrustBus 2012, Vienna, Austria, September 3-7, 2012. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Cellier P, Charnois T, Plantevit M, Crémilleux B (2010) Recursive Sequence Mining to Discover Named Entity Relations. In: Cohen PR, Adams NM, Berthold MR (eds) Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis IX: 9th International Symposium, IDA 2010, Tucson, AZ, USA, May 19-21, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 30–41

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Osteoporosis.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) Branching Heat Lines Could Improve Energy Storage. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/branching-heat-lines-could-improve-energy-storage/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) Department of Energy: Advanced Technology Vehicle Loan Program Implementation Is Under Way, but Enhanced Technical Oversight and Performance Measures Are Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hemschik TK (2008) Course designs, instructional strategies, and support systems in K–8 online education: A case study. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chocano C (2014) The Kid’s Table. New York Times MM32

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Osteoporosis
Abbreviation	Arch. Osteoporos.
ISSN (print)	1862-3522
ISSN (online)	1862-3514
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine