How to format your references using the Archives of Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rietbrock A. Geophysics. Listening to the crackle of subducting oceanic plates. Science. 2007;316(5830):1439-1440.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gravitz L, Pincock S. Sickle-cell disease. Nature. 2014;515(7526):S1.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hristov TS, Miller SD, Friehe CA. Dynamical coupling of wind and ocean waves through wave-induced air flow. Nature. 2003;422(6927):55-58.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhang J, Song X, Li Y, Richards PG, Sun X, Waldhauser F. Inner core differential motion confirmed by earthquake waveform doublets. Science. 2005;309(5739):1357-1360.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hauser G. Hygienegerechte Apparate Und Anlagen. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2008.

An edited book

Keith M. Pro JPA 2: Mastering the Java^TM Persistence API. (Schnicariol M, ed.). Apress; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Schiefer HG, Diemer T, Weidner W. Urosepsis. In: Hohenfellner M, Santucci RA, eds. Emergencies in Urology. Springer; 2007:45-49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Human Impacts Cheating Ecosystem’s Chances Of Surviving Warming. IFLScience. Published July 22, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/human-impacts-cheating-ecosystem-s-chance-survive-warming/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Tactical Airlift: Issues Concerning Air Force Plans for Pacific Distribution System. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Weber TR. Tailored Charged Particle Beams from Single-Component Plasmas. Doctoral dissertation. University of California San Diego; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Justices Agree to Revisit Child Pornography Laws. New York Times. March 27, 2007:A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Arch. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	0003-9950
ISSN (online)	1538-3601
Scope	Ophthalmology