How to format your references using the Archives of Disease in Childhood citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Disease in Childhood. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schneier B. Protecting privacy and liberty. Nature. 2001;413:773.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hanson B, Voss D. Sunrise. Introduction. Hinode. Science. 2007;318:1571.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nguyen VQ, Co C, Li JJ. Cyclin-dependent kinases prevent DNA re-replication through multiple mechanisms. Nature. 2001;411:1068–73.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Cheung VG, Spielman RS, Ewens KG, et al. Mapping determinants of human gene expression by regional and genome-wide association. Nature. 2005;437:1365–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Leach M, Drummond M, Doig A. Practical Flow Cytometry in Haematology Diagnosis. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons 2013.

An edited book

Apolloni B, Marinaro M, Tagliaferri R, editors. Biological and Artificial Intelligence Environments: 15th Italian Workshop on Neural Nets, WIRN VIETRI 2004. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Desnica V, Živanov L, Aleksić O, et al. The Design of Optimised Planar Thick Film Filters. In: Wiak S, Krawczyk A, Trlep M, eds. Computer Engineering in Applied Electromagnetism. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands 2005:31–4.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Disease in Childhood.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Here Are Gifs Of Crash Test Dummies In An Airplane To Remind You That Things Are Terrible. IFLScience. 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/here-are-gifs-of-crash-test-dummies-in-an-airplane-to-remind-you-that-things-are-terrible/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Challenges Remain for VA’s Sharing of Electronic Health Records with DOD. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Duley LA. A Qualitative Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences of Women Remaining in Abusive Relationships. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Supreme Court Hears Plea for Help From Puerto Rico. New York Times. 2016;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Disease in Childhood
Abbreviation	Arch. Dis. Child.
ISSN (print)	0003-9888
ISSN (online)	1468-2044
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health