How to format your references using the Archives of Disease in Childhood citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Disease in Childhood. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sukhdev P. Sustainability: The corporate climate overhaul. Nature. 2012;486:27–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Elowitz MB, Leibler S. A synthetic oscillatory network of transcriptional regulators. Nature. 2000;403:335–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ishishita S, Matsuda Y, Kitada K. Genetic evidence suggests that Spata22 is required for the maintenance of Rad51 foci in mammalian meiosis. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6148.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Crowhurst JC, Brown JM, Goncharov AF, et al. Elasticity of (Mg,Fe)O through the spin transition of iron in the lower mantle. Science. 2008;319:451–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lewis S. Positive Psychology and Change. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2016.

An edited book

Yang Z-Z. Capture and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide with Polyethylene Glycol. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Miyazaki T, Ishikura K, Honda A, et al. Increased N-Acetyltaurine in Serum and Urine After Endurance Exercise in Human. In: Marcinkiewicz J, Schaffer SW, eds. Taurine 9. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2015:53–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Disease in Childhood.

Blog post

Davis J. First Bee May Get US Federal Protection As All Species Continue To Decline. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/first-bee-may-get-us-federal-protection-as-all-species-continue-to-decline/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. College-and-Career Readiness: States Have Made Progress in Implementing New Standards and Assessments, but Challenges Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Van Gilder BJ. American students’ communication abroad: Factors promoting and inhibiting interactions with host nationals. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Another Step Toward Private Farmland. New York Times. 2002;A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Disease in Childhood
Abbreviation	Arch. Dis. Child.
ISSN (print)	0003-9888
ISSN (online)	1468-2044
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health