How to format your references using the Archives of Disease in Childhood citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Disease in Childhood. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Butler D. Spiralling costs dog comet mission. Nature. 2003;423:372.

A journal article with 2 authors

Derynck R, Zhang YE. Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-beta family signalling. Nature. 2003;425:577–84.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ginsberg NS, Garner SR, Hau LV. Coherent control of optical information with matter wave dynamics. Nature. 2007;445:623–6.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Drake JF, Swisdak M, Cattell C, et al. Formation of electron holes and particle energization during magnetic reconnection. Science. 2003;299:873–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Räisänen V. Service Modelling. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2006.

An edited book

Nijholt A, editor. Playful User Interfaces: Interfaces that Invite Social and Physical Interaction. Singapore: Springer 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhang Y, Tan EPS, Sow CH, et al. Nanomechanical Characterization of One-Dimensional Nanostructures. In: Yang F, Li JCM, eds. Micro and Nano Mechanical Testing of Materials and Devices. Boston, MA: Springer US 2008:102–17.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Disease in Childhood.

Blog post

Andrew E. FDA Considering Releasing Genetically-Modified Mosquitos In Florida. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/fda-considering-releasing-genetically-modified-mosquitos-florida/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Low-Income and Minority Serving Institutions: Education Has Taken Steps to Improve Monitoring and Assistance, but Further Progress Is Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zavala M. Latinos’ attitudes towards receiving mental health services. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: TV Journalist Suspended For Comment. New York Times. 2004;A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Disease in Childhood
Abbreviation	Arch. Dis. Child.
ISSN (print)	0003-9888
ISSN (online)	1468-2044
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health