How to format your references using the Arab Journal of Urology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arab Journal of Urology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Evan G. Cancer. Taking a back door to target Myc. Science 2012;335:293–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Vukusic P, Sambles JR. Photonic structures in biology. Nature 2003;424:852–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Wu W, Wen X, Wang ZL. Taxel-addressable matrix of vertical-nanowire piezotronic transistors for active and adaptive tactile imaging. Science 2013;340:952–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Saparov B, Cantoni C, Pan M, Hogan TC, Ratcliff W 2nd, Wilson SD, et al. Complex structures of different CaFe2As2 samples. Sci Rep 2014;4:4120.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Allen M. Foundations of Forensic Document Analysis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Reiners T, Wood LC, editors. Gamification in Education and Business. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Yang C, Yang Y, Liu J. Model Fusion-Based Batch Learning with Application to Oil Spills Detection. In: Jiang H, Ding W, Ali M, Wu X, editors. Advanced Research in Applied Artificial Intelligence: 25th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, IEA/AIE 2012, Dalian, China, June 9-12, 2012. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012, p. 40–7.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arab Journal of Urology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. How To Make A Zombie: The Science Behind The Undead. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-make-zombie/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Consistent Criteria Are Needed To Assess Small-Business Innovation Initiatives. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Grosso T. Exploring How Older Adults Who Qualify for the Association on Aging with Developmental Disabilities (AADD) Programs and Services Learn to Successfully Age in Place. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Billard M. Yogi Guardians, On a Healing Mission. New York Times 2011:MB4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Arab Journal of Urology
Abbreviation	Arab J. Urol.
ISSN (print)	2090-598X
Scope	Urology