How to format your references using the Arab Journal of Urology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arab Journal of Urology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gaffney O. Quiet green revolution starts to make some noise. Nature 2014;505:587.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Roberts DL, Solow AR. Flightless birds: when did the dodo become extinct? Nature 2003;426:245.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

West M, Sánchez JJ, McNutt SR. Periodically triggered seismicity at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, after the Sumatra earthquake. Science 2005;308:1144–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Monk KR, Naylor SG, Glenn TD, Mercurio S, Perlin JR, Dominguez C, et al. A G protein-coupled receptor is essential for Schwann cells to initiate myelination. Science 2009;325:1402–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Rezzoug A, El-Hadi Zaïm M. Non-conventional Electrical Machines. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Ermentrout GB. Mathematical Foundations of Neuroscience. vol. 35. New York, NY: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Gabel T, Riedmiller M. Multi-agent Case-Based Reasoning for Cooperative Reinforcement Learners. In: Roth-Berghofer TR, Göker MH, Güvenir HA, editors. Advances in Case-Based Reasoning: 8th European Conference, ECCBR 2006 Fethiye, Turkey, September 4-7, 2006 Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006, p. 32–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arab Journal of Urology.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. Incredible New Image Shows Earth From Mars. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/you-can-see-australia-from-mars-in-this-amazing-new-nasa-image/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Federal Government Making Progress But Critical Issues Must Still Be Addressed to Minimize Disruptions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Rogers SL. Fear of Cancer and Theory of Planned Behavior as Predictors of Pap Screenings. Doctoral dissertation. Northcentral University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Edge JT. The Hidden Radicalism of Southern Food. New York Times 2017:SR1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Arab Journal of Urology
Abbreviation	Arab J. Urol.
ISSN (print)	2090-598X
Scope	Urology